灵丘和浑源地区蒸发皿不同蒸发现象的对比分析

Analysis of different pan evaporations in Lingqiu and Hunyuan

根据山西省灵丘和浑源两个相邻地区蒸发皿不同的蒸发现象,基于灵丘和浑源1976-2013年的蒸发皿蒸发量的相关资料,分析了蒸发皿不同蒸发现象的变化特征、主要影响因素以及产生差异的原因.结果表明,灵丘地区蒸发皿蒸发量呈现出显著的下降趋势,与"蒸发佯谬"现象一致;浑源地区蒸发皿蒸发量呈显著上升趋势,与"蒸发佯谬"现象相反.年平均蒸发皿蒸发量、年最大蒸发皿蒸发量,灵丘地区大于浑源地区;年最小蒸发皿蒸发量,浑源地区大于灵丘地区.灵丘地区整体为"正距平-负距平"的变化,浑源地区整体呈"负距平-正距平"的变化.灵丘地区蒸发皿蒸发量的突变年份(1986年)早于浑源地区蒸发皿蒸发量的突变年份(1996年).季节变化中,四季的蒸发皿蒸发量由大到小依次为夏、春、秋、冬,四季变化趋势灵丘地区与浑源地区相反.灵丘地区蒸发皿蒸发量的年代际变化为"下降-增加"趋势,浑源地区的年代际变化为整体增加的趋势.灵丘和浑源地区蒸发皿蒸发量年代际的季节变化特征春、冬季的变化一致,夏季和秋季的变化不同.灵丘地区和浑源地区的蒸发皿蒸发量和动力因子(风速)呈正相关;和湿度因子(相对湿度和水汽压)呈负相关.热力因子(气温、日照时数)中,灵丘地区蒸发皿蒸发量与气温呈负相关而与日照时数呈正相关;浑源地区蒸发皿蒸发量与气温呈正相关而与日照时数呈负相关.热力因子(日照时数)是引起灵丘地区蒸发皿蒸发现象的主要影响因素;湿度因子(相对湿度)和热力因子(气温、日照时数)是引起浑源地区蒸发皿蒸发现象的主要影响因素.湿度因子(相对湿度)变化的显著性不同是造成灵丘和浑源地区蒸发皿不同蒸发现象的主要原因.

According to the different the phenomena of pan evaporation in Lingqiu and Hunyuan and based on the data of pan evaporation and related meteorological elements of 1976-2013 from those two places,the climate change characteristics,influencing factors and the causes for the differences were analyzed.The results showed that the pan evaporation of Lingqiu was undergoing a significant downward trend,being consistent with the"evaporation paradox"phenomenon;the pan evaporation of Hunyuan was in a significant upward trend,being a contrast to the"evaporation paradox"phenomenon.The annual and the maximum pan evaporations in Lingqiu were bigger than Hunyuan,being different in the minimum of pan evaporation.The change was"positive anomaly:negative anomaly"in Lingqiu,but"negative anomaly:positive anomaly"in Hunyuan.There were abrupt changes of climate in 1986 in Lingqiu and beyond 1996 in Hunyuan.The contribution to the evaporation in summer of Lingqiu was prominent,followed by the spring,autumn and winter,with the same occurring to Hunyuan.The evaporation in the four seasons presented opposite trends in Lingqiu and Hunyuan.There were"decrease-increase"decadal characteristics in Lingqiu,but only increase in Hunyuan.The change characteristics of spring and winter were the same,being different from summer and autumn.There was a positive correlation between pan evaporation and dynamic factor(wind speed)in Lingqiu and Hunyuan and a negative correlation between pan evaporation and humidity factor(relative humidity and water vapor pressure).As for thermal factors(temperature and sunshine duration),there was a positive correlation between pan evaporation and sunshine duration and negative correlation in Lingqiu,but there was a positive correlation between pan evaporation and temperature and negative correlation between pan evaporation and sunshine duration in Hunyuan.The thermal factor(sunshine duration)was the major factor affecting the pan evaporation phenomenon in Lingqiu;the humidity factor(relative humidity)and thermal factor(temperature and sunshine duration)were the major factors affecting the pan evaporation phenomenon in Hunyuan.The difference of humidity factor(relative humidity)was the main reason for different evaporation phenomena in Lingqiu and Huyuan.