腕痛与不良工作姿势:基于10个重点行业作业人员的调查

Association between wrist pain and awkward postures among workers in 10 key industries

[背景]在职业活动中长时间处于不良工作姿势,会导致作业人员手腕肌肉骨骼负荷过重,出现手腕疼痛、不适等症状。[目的]调查10个重点行业作业人员腕痛发生情况,分析其与手腕工作姿势的相关性。[方法]采用分层整群抽样方法,选取中国华北、华东、华中、华南、西南、西北及东北7个地区的制鞋业、船舶制造业、汽车制造业等10个重点行业的作业人员,通过横断面调查收集作业人员人口学信息、工作手腕姿势及其疼痛和不适情况,对各研究因素采用Pearsonχ^(2)检验,并进行趋势χ^(2)检验和两两比较,使用非条件logistic回归模型评估手腕工作姿势与腕痛的相关性。[结果]本次调查共计64052人,有效问卷56286份(有效率87.8%)。调查人群腕痛发生率为23.3%(13112/56286),发生率较高的3个行业为制鞋业(27.1%,1927/7106)、汽车制造业(24.9%,5378/21560)、船舶及相关装置制造业(24.4%,850/3488)。工作时需要用手紧捏物品(OR=2.09,95%CI:1.95~2.24)、工作中手腕经常向上或向下弯曲(OR=2.03,95%CI:1.92~2.15)、手腕需要长期处于弯曲状态(OR=1.77,95%CI:1.69~1.85)、手腕经常放在硬且有棱角的物体边缘(OR=1.34,95%CI:1.28~1.40)、工作中的手部位置在肩部以上(OR=1.11,95%CI:1.05~1.17)的作业人员腕痛发生风险升高。[结论]10个重点行业中,不良工作姿势与职业人群腕痛发生有关,相关因素包括手腕经常放在硬且有棱角的物体边缘、工作中手腕经常向上或向下弯曲、工作时需要用手紧捏物品、手腕需要长期处于弯曲状态、工作中的手部位置在肩部以上。

[Background]Prolonged awkward postures during occupational activities can lead to excessive musculoskeletal load on the wrist of workers and symptoms such as wrist pain or discomfort.[Objective]To survey the prevalence of wrist pain among workers in 10 key industries and analyze its correlation with wrist working postures.[Methods]By using stratified cluster sampling method,workers from 10 key industries,such as footwear manufacturing industry,shipbuilding manufacturing industry,and automobile manufacturing industry,were selected from seven regions in North China,East China,Central China,South China,Southwest China,Northwest China,and Northeast China.The demographic information,wrist working postures,pain in wrist of the workers were collected through a cross-sectional survey.Pearsonχ^(2)test was used to compare prevalence by selected factors,trendχ^(2)test for between group comparison,and unconditional logistic regression models for the association of wrist working postures with wrist pain.[Results]There were 64052 workers enrolled in this survey,and 56286 provided valid questionnaires(the effective rate was 87.8%).According to the survey,the prevalence of wrist pain was 23.3%(13112/56286),and the industries with higher prevalences were footwear manufacturing(27.1%,1927/7106),automobile manufacturing(24.9%,5378/21560),and shipbuilding and related equipment manufacturing(24.4%,850/3488)industries.Finger pinching(OR=2.09,95%CI:1.95-2.24),frequent wrist bending(OR=2.03,95%CI:1.92-2.15),fixed wrist bending(OR=1.77,95%CI:1.69-1.85),wrist on hard edge(OR=1.34,95%CI:1.28-1.40),and arms over shoulders(OR=1.11,95%CI:1.05-1.17)increased the risk of reporting wrist pain.[Conclusion]Awkward postures are related to wrist pain among workers in selected 10 key industries.The related factors are wrist on hard edge,frequent wrist bending,finger pinching,fixed wrist bending,and arms over shoulders.