化学制药行业作业人员的工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患现状及影响因素

Prevalence and influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among workers in chemical pharmaceutical industry

[背景]工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)是全球主要职业卫生问题之一。制药行业是重要国民经济行业,但国内外相关研究较少。[目的]调查研究化学制药行业作业人员WMSDs的现状及其影响因素。[方法]选择广州市3家化学制药企业的全部作业人员开展流行病学横断面调查。使用肌肉骨骼疾患调查问卷收集人口学特征、肌肉骨骼症状、工作类型、工作组织、工作姿势调查。采用多因素logistic回归分析化学制药行业作业人员WMSDs的影响因素。[结果]共纳入563名作业人员作为研究对象。化学制药行业作业人员WMSDs总症状发生率达43.9%(247/563),各部位症状发生率较高的分别是下背部34.3%、上背部24.3%、肩部24.0%、颈部23.8%。化学制药行业作业人员多部位WMSDs症状发生率(30.0%)是单一部位症状发生率(13.9%)的2.16倍,其中4个部位同时出现症状的比例最高(11.4%)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄≥50岁(参照年龄<30岁)(OR=2.140,95%CI:1.054~4.345)、经常/频繁地(参照从不/偶尔)长时间转头(OR=2.695,95%CI:1.753~4.142)和手长时间处于肩部以上(OR=1.902,95%CI:1.108~3.265)的研究对象发生WMSDs的风险更高(P<0.05);高中及中专(OR=0.333,95%CI:0.175~0.636)和大专及以上文化程度(OR=0.413,95%CI:0.216~0.790)的研究对象相对于初中及以下者发生WMSDs的风险更低(P<0.05)。[结论]化学制药行业WMSDs症状发生率较高,主要发生部位是下背部、上背部、肩部和颈部,多部位同时发生较为常见。化学制药行业可以通过加强作业人员工效学知识培训,关注文化程度较低的人员,保护高龄作业人员,避免长时间转头和手高举过肩的不良作业姿势,降低化学制药行业作业人员发生WMSDs的风险。

[Background]Work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs)are one of the major occupational health problems in the world.Pharmaceutical industry is an important part of China’s national economy.At present,there are few related studies reported at home and abroad.[Objective]To investigate the status and influencing factors of WMSDs in chemical pharmaceutical industry.[Methods]A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted among all workers from three chemical pharmaceutical enterprises in Guangzhou.The Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire was used to collect information on demographic characteristics,symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders,types of work,work organization,and and work postures.Multiple logistic regression method was used to analyze the risk factors of WMSDs in chemical pharmaceutical workers.[Results]In this study,563 workers were selected as subjects.The total prevalence rate of WMSDs symptoms in the chemical pharmaceutical workers was 43.9%(247/563),and the leading body part-specific prevalence rate from high to low was 34.3%in the lower back,24.3%in the upper back,24.0%in the shoulders,and 23.8%in the neck.The prevalence rate of WMSDs symptoms in multiple body parts(30.0%)was 2.16 times higher than that in single body part(13.9%),and the prevalence rate of WMSDs symptoms in four body parts was the highest(11.4%).The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age≥50 years(reference age<30 years)(OR=2.140,95%CI:1.054-4.345),often or very often(reference never/rarely)long-time head rotating(OR=2.695,95%CI:1.753-4.142)and long-time keeping arms above shoulders(OR=1.902,95%CI:1.108-3.265)increased the risk of reporting WMSDs symptoms(P<0.05).Regarding education level,workers with high school and technical secondary school(OR=0.333,95%CI:0.175-0.636)or college and above(OR=0.413,95%CI:0.216-0.790)education had a lower risk of reporting WMSDs symptoms than those with middle school or below(P<0.05).[Conclusion]The prevalence rate of reporting WMSDs symptoms in chemical pharmaceutical industry is high,the involving body parts are lower back,upper back,shoulders,and neck,and reporting simultaneous occurrence of WMSDs symptoms in multiple body parts is common.The chemical pharmaceutical manufacturers can reduce the risk of WMSDs by strengthening the training on workers’ergonomics knowledge,paying attention to the less educated personnel,protecting the elderly workers,and avoiding awkward work postures,like rotating head for a long time and raising arms over shoulders.