中药提取物干预矽肺纤维化的研究进展

Research progress of traditional Chinese medicine extracts in intervention of fibrosis caused by silicosis

矽肺患者长期吸入结晶二氧化硅颗粒后,组织病理学出现矽结节及肺纤维化,难以逆转及恢复。矽肺的发病机制研究及治疗策略显著落后于医学进展及临床需求,导致该病仍是棘手的临床难题,中药提取物及复方制剂现已成为近年探索矽肺治疗策略的热点问题。本文阐述了矽肺致肺纤维化的主要病理过程,总结出转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)/Smad信号通路、氧化应激反应、凋亡及自噬为最重要的致病机制,概述了不同中药提取物干预上述机制的研究进展、作用靶点及干预效果,为中药提取物抑制肺纤维化的理论与临床研究提供一定的科学依据。本文提出在今后的研究工作中可继续深入研究矽肺的发病、进展机制及药物治疗策略,并注重基础研究向临床实践转化,以期改变矽肺纤维化难以控制及逆转的临床现状。

Silicotic nodules and pulmonary fibrosis are histopathological appearance in silicosis patients after long-term inhalation of crystalline silica particles,and are difficult to reverse and recover.Research on the pathogenesis and treatment strategies of silicosis has significantly lagged behind medical progress and clinical needs,resulting in the disease remaining a thorny clinical problem.Traditional Chinese medicine extracts or compound preparations have become a hot issue in exploring silicosis treatment strategies in recent years.This paper described the main pathological processes of pulmonary fibrosis caused by silicosis,followed by introducing its main pathogenesis mechanisms,including transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)/Smad signaling pathway,oxidative stress reaction,apoptosis,and autophagy.In addition,it briefly described the research progress,targets,and intervention effects of selected traditional Chinese medicine extracts,which provides a scientific basis for the theoretical and clinical research of traditional Chinese medicine extracts in inhibiting pulmonary fibrosis.To change the clinical status quo of silicosis fibrosis which is difficult to control and reverse,the paper proposed that we can further explore the pathogenesis and progression mechanisms of silicosis and drug treatment strategy,and focus on the transformation of basic research into clinical practice.