柏拉图《理想国》的女性观探究

On View of Female in Plato′s The Republic

在《理想国》中,柏拉图以理想主义的视角,从构建理想国家的角度,肯定女性在家庭管理和社会教育及城邦护卫中的角色,反映理想国家需要完美女性的价值追求。其女性观的时代进步性:首次提出男女有相同禀赋和等同教育权;第一次正式确立女性的独立学术研究对象;第一个提出并形成一整套系统的理想国家女性政治学说。历史局限性:其女性观是一种不彻底的男女平等,是超越现实的乌托邦式设计,共产共妻思想在当时没有可能实现的经济基础;回避矛盾,忽视客观存在的事实;强调男女之间无差别的平等,忽视女性的特殊性,存在将女性男性化的狭隘性。

In The Republic,Plato affirmed the role of women in family management,social education,and city-state defense from an idealistic perspective,reflecting the value pursuit of perfect women in an idealistic state.Plato′s view of female showed advancement for the following reasons:He was the first to propose that men and women have the same endowment and equal rights to receive education;he was the first to formally establish women as independent academic research objects;he was the first to propose and form a system of women′s political doctrines for an ideal state.Meanwhile,historical limitations include incomplete gender equality,a utopian design that transcended reality,no economic foundation for communism and hetaerism,avoiding contradictions and ignoring objective facts,emphasizing indistinctive equality between men and women,ignoring the particularity of women,and the narrowness of masculinizing women.