“古风”与《明天》——由抗战时期一次争议说起

Antique and the Short Story Tomorrow:An Argument during the War of Resistance

以抗战时期关于《明天》一文引发的争议为切入点,重新思考鲁迅小说《明天》之于新文化运动的意义。一方面揭示争议双方看似对立,实则一致的文化环境制约性问题,另一方面指出抗战时期接受新文化运动遗产的条件和限制。启蒙视野里的《明天》呈现出启蒙者对乡民麻木的激烈抨击,而通过争议的反思,发现小说中对古风-信-明天三位一体的建构,却饱含一种特有的温情,显示出作者对乡村自治的潜意识关注。无论是治病环节,还是丧事场合,内部的"信"与"毁灭"的张力伴随始终,这是鲁迅在启蒙运动中的无意识书写,也暗示了革命的新的可能,其本质上是对个性思想层面与社会结构层面联系的把握,这既是对思想革命的补充,也是连接社会革命的线索。

This paper re-examines the significance of Lu Xun’s Tomorrow to the New Culture Movement by taking the controversy caused by the short story during the War of Resistance as the starting point of analysis.It reveals the constraint of the cultural environment,in which both sides of the controversy seem to be opposite but in fact consistent.It also points out the conditions and restrictions of accepting the heritage of the New Cultural Movement during the War.From the perspective of enlightenment,Tomorrow presents torchbearers’fierce attack against the numbness of villagers.Through reflections on this controversy,it is found that the author is full of special compassion in constructing the trinity of antique,faith and tomorrow in the short story,which shows the author’s subconscious concern for the rural autonomy.Whether in the occasions of the medical treatment or the funeral,internal tensions always occur between"faith"and"destruction".This is Lu Xun’s unconscious writing during the New Culture Movement,which implies new possibilities of revolution.Its essence is to grasp the connection between individuals’thought and the social structure.This is not only a complement to the ideological revolution,but also a clue to connect the social revolution.