智慧城市试点政策冲击就业吗——基于在岗职工人数的分析

Does the Pilot Policy of Smart City Impact Employment:An Analysis Based on the Number of On-The-Job Workers

新型智慧城市建设是在培育新的增长点和增强新动能的前提下,提出的一种新型的城市建设和发展方式。其中,中国持续推进的城市智慧化过程中是否冲击了就业?本文以智慧城市试点政策的实施作为一项“准自然实验”,在探析该政策对就业影响机制的基础上,利用2003~2020年中国283个地级市的平衡面板数据,运用渐进双重差分模型评估了该政策对就业的影响。研究表明:(1)智慧城市试点政策对在岗职工就业产生了负面冲击,对其他形式就业产生了促进作用;(2)智慧城市试点政策通过提高绿色全要素生产率和数字普惠金融抑制了城市在岗职工就业水平;(3)智慧城市试点政策对城市在岗职工就业的影响存在显著差异性。本文为在城市智慧化转型进程中稳定居民就业和促进高质量发展提供了重要的政策启示。

The construction of a new lype of smart city is a new way of urban development proposed in response to China's actual situation and trend towards informationization and urbanization.It aims to cultivate new growth points and enhance new driving forces in an effort to implement the Chinese socialist ideology.However,whether the continuous promotion of smart city transformation in China has impacted employment remains a key concern.This study takes the implementation of the smart city pilot policy as a“quasinatural experiment”to analyze its impact on employment mechanisms.Based on balanced panel data of 283 prefectural-level cities in China from 2003 to 2020 and using a progressive double difference model,this study evaluates the impact of the policy on employment.The findings are as follows:(1)the smart city pilot policy had a negative impact on the employment of on-the-job workers but a promoting effect on other forms of employment;(2)the policy inhibited the employment level of on-the-job urban workers by improving green total factor productivity and promoting digital inclusive finance;and(3)there were.significant differentiated impacts of the smart city pilot policy on urban on-the-job employment.This study provides important policy implications for stabilizing residents'employment and promoting high-quality development in the process of urban smart transformation.