财政支农、劳动力流动与城乡收入不平等

Fiscal Support to Agriculture,Labour Mobility and Rural-Urban Income Inequality

加强财政支农惠农、重塑城乡一体的劳动力市场格局是新时代我国破解城乡收入差距,促进城乡融合的重大战略举措。在构建财政支农、劳动力流动与城乡收入不平等传导理论框架基础上,借助面板可行最小二乘估计(FGLS),稳健回归、面板联立方程模型(PSEM)深入考察了2007-2018年我国省际财政支农和劳动力流动对城乡收入不平等的影响,研究发现:救济性支农支出比例及规模扩张可有效缓解城乡内部收入不平等,开发性支农支出比例及规模增长能明显改善城乡间收入不平等。增强劳动力的流动性特别是强化劳动力由乡入城的自发流动可显著缩小城乡收入差距。财政支农和劳动力流动除单独对城乡不平等发挥作用外,还具有典型的不平等化解协同特征,劳动力流动可在财政支农扩张条件下起到快速抑制城乡收入差距的"涟漪效应"。财政支农和劳动力流动在东部地区均起到了改善城乡收入不平等的积极效应,但是在中西部地区,这种效果往往不佳,在实施稳健性检验后,结论依然成立。这为我国各级政府在推动城乡融合发展过程中更好地发挥财政支农作用,分级分地区提升城乡劳动力要素自由配置的收入再分配效能提供了一则新的施策视角和决策思路。

Strengthening fiscal support to agriculture and reshaping the integrated urban-rural labor market pattern is a major strategic initiative to crack the urban-rural income gap and promote urban-rural integration in China in the new era.On the basis of constructing the theoretical framework of fiscal support to agriculture,labor mobility and urban-rural income inequality transmission,the impact of interprovincial fiscal support to agriculture and labor mobility on urban-rural income inequality in China between 2007 and 2018 is deeply investigated with the help of panel feasible least squares estimation(FGLS),robust regression and panel simultaneous equations models(PSEM),and it is found that:the proportion and scale of relief support to agriculture expenditures Expansion can effectively alleviate income inequality within urban and rural areas,and the increase in the proportion and scale of development spending on agriculture can significantly improve income inequality between urban and rural areas.Enhancing labour mobility,especially the spontaneous movement of labour from rural to urban areas,can significantly reduce the urban-rural income gap.In addition to their individual effects on urban-rural inequality,fiscal support to agriculture and labor mobility also have typical inequality-resolving synergies,and labor mobility can play a"ripple effect"to quickly curb the urban-rural income gap under the conditions of expanding fiscal support to agriculture.Both fiscal support to agriculture and labor mobility have the positive effect of improving urban-rural income inequality in the eastern part of the country,but in the central and western part of the country,this effect is often poor,and the conclusion still holds after the implementation of the robustness test.This provides a new policy perspective and decision-making line of thought for governments at all levels in China to better play the role of financial support to agriculture in the process of promoting urban-rural integration and development,and to improve the effectiveness of income redistribution through the free allocation of urban and rural labor factors at different levels and by different regions.