人力资本积累、性别角色观念与女性劳动参与

Human Capital Accumulation,Gender Role Attitude and Female Labor Participation

中国劳动力市场转型背景下"人口红利"日趋下降,提升女性劳动参与是保证中国经济持续、稳定发展的有效之策。本文通过构建含有以教育为代表的人力资本积累和性别角色观念的劳动参与选择模型,研究了人力资本积累如何通过性别角色认同对女性劳动参与产生影响。研究结果表明,以教育为代表的人力资本积累主要通过两条机制对女性劳动参与产生影响。一是人力资本积累提升了女性在劳动力市场的收入,进而提高其劳动参与:二是人力资本积累改善了女性的性别角色观念,降低了其保留工资,从而增加劳动参与的概率。进一步的经验分析表明,女性受教育年限每增加1年,其劳动参与的概率会增加2%~5%,对性别角色观念的认同会下降约2%。以教育为代表的人力资本积累对女性劳动参与的影响中,有16%可以通过性别角色观念来解释。并且,性别角色观念是使教育对女性劳动参与存在显著影响的重要因素。本文的研究通过引入性别角色观念这一非经济因素,在理论上丰富了人力资本积累对个体决策影响的机制。同时,为未来通过制定教育发展政策提升女性劳动参与,保证劳动力的有效供给,进而促进中国经济持续、稳定发展提供了可靠的决策依据。

Under the background of China’s labor market transformation,the"demographic dividend"is declining.Increasing female labor participation is an effective strategy to ensure the sustained and stable development of China’s economy.By constructing a labor participation selection model with human capital accumulation and gender role attitude by education,this paper studies how human capital accumulation affects female labor participation through gender role attitude.The research results show that human capital accumulation represented by education mainly affects female labor participation through two mechanisms.First,the accumulation of human capital has increased women’s income in the labor market,thereby increasing their labor participation.The second is that the accumulation of human capital has improved women’s gender role attitude and reduced their retained wages,thereby increasing the probability of labor participation.Further empirical analysis shows that for every additional year of female education,the probability of labor participation will increase by 2%~5%,and the identity of gender roles will decrease by about 2%.16%of the impact of human capital accumulation on female labor participation represented by education can be explained by the concept of gender roles.Moreover,the concept of gender roles is an important factor that makes education have a significant impact on female labor participation.The research of this article has theoretically enriched the mechanism of the influence of human capital accumulation on individual decision-making by introducing the non-economic factor of gender role concept.At the same time,it provides a reliable basis for decision-making in the future by formulating education development policies to increase female labor participation and ensure an effective supply of labor,thereby promoting the sustained and stable development of China’s economy.