副产品、非期望产出可处置性与环境生产技术构建

By-product,Disposability of Undesirable Output and Construction of Environmental Production Technology

近年来,环境经济学领域存在三大问题,成为学术界关注的焦点:(1)如何描述污染物与生产和消费过程的伴生性关系;(2)如何改造传统生产函数与生产效率测算方法,以体现政府规制措施对生产主体生产行为的干预;(3)如何对污染物进行影子价格测算,进而对排放权进行定价。解决这三类问题,最根本的途径在于找到能够准确描述生产过程、污染物排放、环境规制、污染物处置的框架与模型。环境生产技术作为一种考虑各种伴生过程的多投入、多产出过程描述与测度的公理化方法,逐渐出现在学者们的视野中,然而,目前针对不同环境生产技术构建方法的优缺点及适用性的比较研究相对较少。本文按照时间的回溯和方法的更新,对强、弱可处置性,以及综合可处置性、弱G可处置性、成本可处置性假设下的各种主流环境生产技术构建方法进行归纳与分析,并对各种方法及应用进行了对比和评价,进而用算例对各种方法的可行域进行比较说明,最后提出了环境生产技术发展的建议和研究展望。

In recent years,three major issues at the field of environmental economics have been becoming focuses of academic attention.The first is how to describe the associated relationship between pollutant emissions and production processes.The second is how to measure inefficiency with undesirable outputs to reflect the abatement efforts of producers.The third is how to calculate the shadow prices of pollutants in productivity analysis and then price the emission rights.To solve these problems,the most fundamental way is to seek out a framework that can accurately describe the production process,pollutant discharge,environmental regulation,and pollutant disposal.As an axiomatic method,the EPT has attracted many scholar’s attentions in recent years,which can describe feasible production behavior and the relationship between multi-inputs and multi-outputs including pollutants under various disposability assumptions.However,there are a few studies focusing on methodological comparisons and clear conditions of application.Accordingly,based on backtracking of time and updating of methods,this paper summarizes and analyzes the mainstream methods for constructing environmental production technology under the assumptions of the strong,weak,comprehensive,weak G and cost disposability,with multilateral comparison and evaluation.Then,examples are used to compare and illustrate the feasible region of various methods.Finally,suggestions for the development of environmental production technologies and related research prospects are put forward.