中国流动人口的就业技能与社会融合研究——基于多层非线性模型的经验论证

Employment Skills and Social Integration of Floating Population in China:Empirical Analysis Based on Multi-layer Nonlinear Model

就业技能的匮乏,是中国流动人口难以融入城市体系面临的关键性障碍。基于多层非线性理论模型,以流动人口的社会融合度为研究对象,采用流动人口社会融合的专题调查数据(2014),对就业技能的自身融合效应及地区外溢效应进行实证分析。研究发现:(1)当前,中国流动人口的社会融合度均值为56.75,融入城市的水平总体偏低;且乡—城流动人口的融合度显著低于城—城流动人口,处于"双重"分化困境;(2)随着就业技能的提升,其自身融合效应呈"U"型变化趋势;(3)从地区外溢效应来看,流动人口的社会融合还依赖于城市整体就业技能提升所产生的正向外溢性,且城—城流动人口效应较强。因此,要进一步加大对流动人口的教育投入,促进其工作经验等就业技能的有效积累,切实提升流动人口社会融合的内生动力与外部推力。

The lack of employment skills is a key obstacle for China’s floating population to integrate into the urban system.Based on the multi-layer nonlinear theories,from the perspective of employment skills,this paper made an empirical analysis on the self-integration effect and regional spillover effect of employment skills with the special survey data of social integration of floating population(2014).We found that:(1) the average score of the social integration degree of floating population is 56.75,which means a low level.Moreover,the rural-urban floating population has a significantly lower level than the urban-urban floating population and faces the "double" differentiation.(2) From the perspective of self-integration effects,with the improvement of employment skills,the degree of social integration shows a non-linear trend of U-type,which is significant in rural-urban and city-urban floating population.(3) From the perspective of regional spillover effect,the social integration of floating population also relies on the positive effect of overall employment skills in cities,and this effect of urban-urban floating population is 1.70 times higher than that of rural-urban floating population.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the construction of the floating population’s education and promote the effective accumulation of employment skills,so as to enhance the internal and external impetus for the floating population to integrate into the cities.