二氧化碳排放强度对城镇劳动收入差距的影响与机制分析——基于CHIP数据的证据

The Impact of CO_(2) Emission Intensity on Urban Labor Income Gap and Its Mechanisms: Findings from CHIP Data

本文使用2013年和2018年中国家庭收入调查(CHIP)城镇数据,通过无条件分位数回归与基于RIF回归分解的方法,研究了二氧化碳排放强度与城镇劳动收入差距的关系并解释了影响机制。本文发现,碳排放强度增加缩小城镇劳动收入差距。其中的影响机制可以从行业和地区两个角度进行解释。从行业角度来看,高碳排放行业存在抑制高收入并提高低收入的特征,而低碳排放的高技术行业则相反,因此在以提升高技术行业占比为核心的低碳转型升级过程中,会导致城镇劳动收入差距的扩大。从地区角度来看,高二氧化碳排放省份本质上是高碳行业的聚集地,因此高碳省份的就业会通过降低高收入缩小收入差距,这进一步印证了高碳行业对劳动收入的影响特征是解释碳排放强度对收入差距影响的重要路径。

Using the urban data from CHIP 2013 and 2018, this paper investigates the relationship between carbon emission intensity and urban labor income gap using unconditional quantile regression and RIF-based regression decomposition. The result shows that increase in carbon emission intensity is associated with reduced urban labor income gap. The underlying mechanism can be understood from both industry and regional perspectives. From the industry perspective, high-carbon industries are generally characterized with their abilities of suppressing high income but raising low income, while the low-emission high-tech industries are the opposite, thus in the upgrading process toward low-carbon and high-tech industries, the urban labor income gap are highly likely to be widened. From the regional perspective, provinces with high carbon emissions have more high-carbon industries, and the income gaps in these provinces are more likely to be small because high-carbon industries employment lower high incomes. These findings confirm that the characteristics of high-carbon industries are very important for explaining the effect of carbon emission intensity on income gap.