MicroRNAs在原发免疫性血小板减少症中作用研究进展

The update of MicroRNAs in primary immune thrombocytopenia

原发免疫性血小板减少症(primary immune thrombocytopenia,ITP)是临床上常见的一种以皮肤黏膜出血为主要表现的获得性出血性疾病,占出血性疾病的1/3,严重者可发生内脏出血、颅内出血等并发症〔1〕。ITP的发病机制非常复杂,迄今为止具体机制仍不明确〔2-3〕。目前研究公认的发病机制是患者对自身抗原免疫失耐受,从而导致自身免疫介导的血小板破坏过多及巨核细胞生成血小板不足〔4〕。

Primary immune thrombocytopenia(ITP)is a common acquired hemorrhagic disease mainly manifested by skin mucosal hemorrhage,accounting for 1/3 of hemorrhagic diseases.In severe cases,visceral hemorrhage,intracranial hemorrhage and other complications may occur.The pathogenesis of ITP is very complex,so far the specific mechanism is still unclear.Currently,the accepted pathogenesis is the patient’s immune intolerance to autoantigen,which leads to excessive autoimmune mediated platelet destruction and insufficient platelet generation by megakaryocytes.MiRNAs are a class of non-coding RNAs which can regulate gene expression through binding complementary sequences to degrade mRNA or inhibit translation.MiRNAs have a certain regulation effect on the genes involved in cell growth,proliferation,differentiation,apoptosis and tumor occurrence.In recent years,the role of miRNAs in autoimmune diseases has been identified,such as systemic lupus erythematosus,rheumatoid arthritis,bronchial asthma and etc.A growing number of studies suggest that miRNAs may be involved in the pathophysiological process of ITP.In this review,we intend to further explore the pathogenesis and regulatory mechanism of ITP by introducing several miRNAs abnormality in ITP.