青岛地区变应性鼻炎患者变应原分布特点及发病相关危险因素

Distribution of allergens and associated risk factors of patients with allergic rhinitis in Qingdao area

目的:分析青岛地区变应性鼻炎(AR)患者的变应原分布情况及发病的相关危险因素。方法:将2018-08-2019-03期间就诊并诊断为AR的216例患者和49例健康志愿者,共计271例(5~84岁)纳入流行病学调查研究,进行吸入性变应原的皮肤点刺试验,并对受试者进行过敏性疾病问卷调查和尘螨过敏自我检查问卷,对结果进行分析统计。结果:①216例AR患者中阳性率排前6位的吸入性变应原依次为粉尘螨(55.0%)、屋尘螨(46.1%)、热带螨(21.8%)、狗毛(16.6%)、艾蒿(13.3%)、德国蟑螂(10.3%)。②吸入性变应原中,屋尘螨和粉尘螨以(+++)为主,艾蒿以(+++)和(++++)为主,其他变应原均以(++)为主。③不同年龄段的吸入性变应原阳性率差异有统计学意义,吸入性变应原阳性率在成年之后随着年龄增高而逐渐下降。④单因素、多因素逻辑回归分析均显示吸烟史、家族史、年龄<18岁及18~40岁等因素与AR的发生密切相关(P<0.05)。⑤通过Spearson相关分析和loess回归分析发现,随着尘螨自检评分的增高,尘螨阳性率明显上升。结论:青岛地区AR患者最主要的吸入性变应原为尘螨、狗毛和艾蒿。吸入性变应原阳性率受年龄的影响并存在一定的规律。吸烟史、家族史、年龄等因素为AR发生的危险因素,尘螨自检评分可以预测尘螨过敏的发生。

Objective:To analyze the distribution of allergens and the risk factors in patients with allergic rhinitis in Qingdao area.Method:Two hundred and sixteen patients diagnosed with allergic rhinitis and 49 healthy volunteers were admitted to the outpatient clinic of the Otolaryngology Department of the three branches of Qingdao University Affiliated Hospital in Qingdao from August 2018 to March 2019.A total of 271 patients(5-84 years old)were included in the epidemiological investigation.The study conducted a skin stinging test of inhalation allergens.In addition,the questionnaire of allergic disease and self-examination of dust mite allergy were carried out for each group of patients,and the results were analyzed and counted.Result:①In 216 patients with allergic rhinitis,the top six inhalation allergens were dust mites(55.0%),house dust mites(46.1%),tropical mites(21.8%),dog hair(16.6%),Artemisia halodendron(13.3%),and German cockroaches(10.3%).②Inhalation allergens,the degree of positive of house dust mites and dust mites were mainly(+++),the degree of positive of Artemisia halodendron were mainly(+++)and(++++),and the degree of positive of other allergens were mainly(++).③There were statistically significant differences in the positive rates of inhalation allergens in different age groups,and the positive rates of inhalation allergens gradually decreased with age after adulthood.④The single factor and multi-factor logical regression analysis all showed that the history of smoking,family history,age less than 18 years,and 18-40 years old were closely related to the occurrence of allergic rhinitis(P<0.05).⑤Using Spearson-related analysis and loess regression analysis,it was found that with the increase of dust mite self-examination score,the positive rate of dust mite increased significantly.Conclusion:The most important inhalation allergens of patients with allergic rhinitis in Qingdao area are dust mites,dog hair and artemisinin.The positive rate of inhalation allergens is influenced by age and there are certain rules in them.Smoking history,family history,age and other factors are risk factors for allergic rhinitis.The dust mite self-examination score can predict the occurrence of dust mite allergy.