期待权之检讨

期待权概念发端于德国民法,在我国民法学说和实务中颇为流行。但是,从期待到期待权的证立过程不仅草率,而且具有循环论证的明显缺陷。期待权在规范层面实则多余,并进一步造成了体系违和及其他衍生的学理误区。期待权的正确定位应系描述性概念而非规范性概念,宜在描述和归纳功能方面发挥有限价值,在此意义上,期待权系对(高度确定的)受保障的特定法律地位的概括性指称。我国民法不仅无需继续依赖德国期待权理论,亦无需构建期待权制度,且尤其要注意(物权)期待权在方法论层面的运用风险。

The right of expectation originates in German civil law and is quite popular in the civil law theory and practice of China.However,the process of demonstrating the transformation from expectation to the right of expectation not only is unprecise but also has obvious defects of circular argumentation.The right of expectation is superfluous at the normative level and causes systemic disharmony and other derived academic misunderstandings.The correct positioning of the expectant right should be a descriptive concept,rather than a normative one,and it should play a limited role in descriptive and inductive functions.In this sense,the right of expectation is the general reference to a specific(highly certain)guaranteed legal status.There is no need for Chinese civil law to continue to rely on the German theory of the right of expectation or to build a system of the right of expectation.Instead,China should pay attention to the risk of the application of the right of expectation at the methodology level.