价格行为规制的法理逻辑——基于整体价格法秩序的视角

全面深化改革背景下,价格法治的核心目的在于促进价格机制的有效性,实现市场对资源配置的决定性作用。对经营者价格行为的规制,应遵循价格自由优先和特定情境下的公益损害原则。以价格行为规范体系为基础,特定情境可以类型化为非常法律状态、垄断和信息不对称三种情境。公共利益指向由经济安全秩序、公平竞争秩序、公平交易秩序构成的整体价格法秩序,运用比例原则以价格行为规制促进效应和削弱效应的均衡为基准,可实现经营者定价权与不正当价格行为规制权之间的平衡。价格法第14条可删除牟取暴利条款,厘清价格欺诈、低价倾销等规范的边界,拓展新业态下的价格歧视行为规范,实现不正当价格行为规制的体系重构。

In the context of comprehensively deepening reforms,the core purpose of the price rule of law is to increase the effectiveness of the price mechanism and give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation.The principle of giving priority to price freedom and the principle of public interest damage in specific situations should be followed in the regulation of operators’price behavior.Based on the normative system of price behavior,specific situations can be categorized into three situations:abnormal legal status,monopoly and information asymmetry.Public interests point to the overall price law order composed of economic security order,fair competition order,and fair transaction order.A balance between operators’pricing right and the power to regulate unfair price behavior can be realized by applying the principle of proportionality and striking a balance between the promoting effect and the weakening effect of price behavior regulation.Article 14 of the Price Law need to delete profiteering clauses,clarify the boundaries between conflicting norms,such as those on price gouging and low-price dumping,and expand the norms of price discrimination in new business formats,to realize the system reconstruction of unfair price behavior regulation.