《新加坡调解公约》在中国的批准与实施

Ratification and Implementation of the Singapore Mediation Convention in China

《新加坡调解公约》旨在建立国际调解协议的直接执行机制,其因应国际商业实践的需求,也体现国际调解执行制度的"统一化"趋势。我国虽已签署该公约,但相关立法及司法实践与其核心要求尚有差距,主要问题包括国际调解协议在我国尚无可执行性、个人调解制度尚未建立以及商事调解的执行理念有待转变。鉴此,我国应积极创造《新加坡调解公约》的批准条件,特别是应明确国际商事调解在我国法律体系中的独立救济功能。在实施《新加坡调解公约》时,我国可充分利用司法审查机制,创设调解员激励与约束规范,完善案外人救济规范,构建一套符合国际先进经验并解决我国核心关切的公约对接机制。

The Singapore Mediation Convention aims to establish a direct enforcement mechanism for international settlement agreements resulted from mediation.It responds to the needs of international commercial practices and reflects the trend towards harmonization in international mediation rules.There is still a gap between relevant legislations and judicial practices in China and the basic requirements of the Convention.The main problems include that,the international settlement agreements have no enforceability,the individual mediation system has not been established,and the idea of enforcement of commercial mediation needs to be updated in China.China should actively create environment for the ratification the Convention and,in particular,clarify the independent remedy status of international commercial mediation in domestic legal system.In the implementation of the Convention,China should give full play to the function of judicial review,establish a code of conduct for mediators,and,through the improvement of judicial remedy for a third party,establish an implementation mechanism that is both compatible with advanced international experiences and able to respond China’s core concerns.