我国推进“无废城市”建设的进展、问题及对策建议

Progress,Problems and Countermeasures of Promoting Construction of “Zero-waste City” in China

“无废城市”建设是从城市整体层面深化我国固体废物综合管理改革的有力抓手,是提升生态文明、建设美丽中国的重要举措。2019年,国务院印发《“无废城市”建设试点工作方案》;为落实该方案要求,生态环境部筛选了“11+5”个城市和地区开展首批试点工作。文章在深入调研的基础上,对试点建设取得的阶段进展进行了总结,并分析了存在的突出问题和挑战。研究表明,近2年来,各试点因地制宜、积极探索,取得了初步成效,形成了一批可复制、可推广的典型经验模式,但也面临着战略规划和顶层设计缺乏、管理体制运行不畅、法律法规体系不健全、经济激励和市场化机制不完善、技术创新不足等诸多挑战。在“十四五”及未来中长期深入系统推进“无废城市”建设过程中,一方面要加强顶层设计和统筹协调,重视资源节约与减废、降碳的协同效应,将发展循环经济作为重要路径;另一方面,为了加快形成长效机制,需加强前端减量化、资源化管理的法律法规标准体系建设,综合运用价格机制、财税政策、金融等经济手段建立市场化机制,并加强科技创新及应用转化,形成可持续的商业模式。

Developing“Zero-waste City”is a powerful starting point for deepening solid waste comprehensive management reform from the overall city level,and is an important measure to promote ecological civilization and build a beautiful China.In 2019,the State Council issued the Working Plan for the Pilot Construction of“Zero-waste City”.In order to implement this plan,the Ministry of Ecology and Environment selected“11+5”cities and regions to carry out the first batch of pilot projects.On the basis of in-depth investigations,the progress of the pilot construction is summarized and the outstanding problems and challenges are analyzed.Studies have shown that in the past two years,the pilots have achieved preliminary results,and formed a number of typical experience models that can be replicated and promoted.Nevertheless,there still are many challenges such as lack of strategic planning and top-level design,poor management system operation,imperfect law and regulation systems,imperfect economic incentives and marketization mechanisms,insufficient technological innovation,etc.In order to systematically promote“Zero-waste City”in the future,on one hand,it is necessary to strengthen top-level design and overall coordination,pay attention to the synergistic effect of resource conservation,waste reduction,and carbon reduction,and develop circular economy as an important path.On the other hand,in order to accelerate the formation of a long-term mechanism,it is necessary to strengthen the establishment of a system of laws,regulations and standards for front-end reduction and resource management,comprehensively use price mechanisms,fiscal and tax policies,and financial means to establish a market-oriented mechanism,and strengthen technological innovation and application transformation to form a sustainable business model.