知识产权、农业开放性对品种创新的影响效应

A research on the effect of intellectual property and agricultural openness on new plant variety innovation

本文利用中国粮食主产区2000—2015年品种创新等数据,通过构建品种创新、知识产权保护水平与农业开放性程度指标,运用固定效应和随机效应模型,借助工具变量法,实证检验知识产权保护与农业开放性对区域品种创新的影响效应。结果表明:知识产权保护与农业开放性对品种创新的提升具有显著的促进作用,而两者的交互项则存在抑制效应。分区域研究发现,知识产权保护、农业开放性及二者的交互效应对不同区域品种创新的影响具有明显的异质性特征。其中,东北地区知识产权保护对品种创新具有一定阻碍作用,农业开放度及交互项的消极影响不显著;华东地区农业开放性相较知识产权保护的积极影响更显著,且交互项的抑制作用也较明显;华中地区知识产权保护与农业开放性以及两者交互项的影响效应均不显著。此外,研发人员、研发经费和固定资产的投入也是影响区域品种创新的重要因素。据此,从知识产权保护及农业开放性的角度给出提升区域品种创新能力的对策建议。

In 1999,China joined the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants(UPOV)and began accepting applications for new plant varieties rights at home and abroad,and implementing property rights protection for new plant varieties.In the past 20 years,China has applied for 26,000 pieces and authorized 12,000 pieces agricultural new plant varieties.However,China still faces the problem of significant regional imbalances and low comprehensive benefits,and the existing protection intensity of intellectual property rights is not optimal,and most provinces and regions have lower intellectual property protection,which hinders the coordination and development of regional innovation.In the new era,we must start a new pattern of comprehensive opening up and implement a strategy of quality agriculture and rural revitalization.The international protection of new plant varieties has become increasingly strict,and the call for the upgrading of domestic variety protection treaties and the expansion of protection systems is growing.Under the new situation of continuously expanding openness,how to balance the rational relationship between intellectual property protection,agricultural openness and regional plant variety innovation is a real problem that needs to be answered urgently.Based on the combing of domestic and foreign literatures,this paper holds that intellectual property protection,opening up to the outside world and investment in innovative factors have an important impact on the innovation of regional plant varieties.Therefore,using the data of China′s main grain producing areas from 2000 to 2015,this paper examines the effect of intellectual property protection and agricultural openness on plant variety innovation by constructing indicators such as innovation of new plant varieties,openness of agriculture and level of intellectual property protection.The results show that,in the whole regions,intellectual property protection and agricultural openness have significant promoting effects on the promotion of variety innovation,while the interaction between them has inhibitory effects.Then,the China′s main grain producing areas are divided into three major regions:Northeast China,East China and Central China.It is found that intellectual property protection,agricultural openness and the interaction between the two have obvious heterogeneity characteristics for the innovation of different regional varieties.The interaction coefficient is positive,which indicates that with the expansion of agricultural openness,the marginal effect of intellectual property protection on variety innovation will gradually change from the initial obstacle to the promotion.Similarly,if the level of intellectual property protection continues to increase,the marginal effect of agricultural openness on breed innovation will gradually shift from hindrance to promotion.In addition,the number of scientific researchers,R&D expenditures,and fixed assets is also an important factor affecting regional varieties innovation.Finally,aiming at endogenous problems,the robustness test is carried out by replacing intellectual property protection variables with instrumental variable method to verify the robustness of the conclusions above.This paper holds that the provinces in the China′s major grain producing areas should combine their own characteristics and implement local policies in order to give full play to the positive effects of intellectual property protection and agricultural openness on plant varieties innovation in the region.Based on this,the article gives some suggestions to improve the innovation ability of regional varieties from the perspective of intellectual property protection and agricultural openness.The government should strengthen the basic legal system for the protection of new varieties of plants,improve the judicial and administrative protection mechanisms,carry out international exchanges and cooperation on intellectual property protection,and promote the protection of new varieties of plants from continuous strengthening to comprehensive and strict transformation.