创业孵化平台生态优势的量表开发与检验

Dimensions and measurement of ecological advantage of entrepreneurship incubation platforms

创业孵化平台通过协调平台参与者力量能有效突破创业资源价值转换瓶颈,形成创业孵化平台生态优势。当前生态优势研究仍处于萌芽阶段,多以定性研究为主,缺乏测量工具。本研究基于理论与文献基础,以5家创业孵化平台为研究对象,运用扎根理论提炼出创业孵化平台生态优势的内涵和维度,根据规范的量表开发程序编制初始测量量表,对369份有效问卷进行信效度检验。结果显示:创业孵化平台生态优势包括生态多样性、生态协同性和生态进化性三个维度,最终呈现的测量量表具有较高的信度和效度,为后续实证研究奠定了量表基础和测量工具。

The platform-based entrepreneurship ecosystem is taking shape.On the one hand,leading enterprises devote themselves to the construction of incubators and build entrepreneurship incubation platforms to promote transformation and the development of new start-ups.On the other hand,new start-ups rely on entrepreneurship incubation platforms to start businesses and break through the dual constraints of entrepreneurial resources and opportunities by deeply connecting industry.Scholars usually use the competitive advantage to explain the ability of enterprises to occupy and maintain high performance..However,competitive advantage based on the supply side emphasizes internal value chain optimization,ignoring the value co-creation of ecological complementaries in the platform context,which makes it difficult to explain the interaction in the value network of entrepreneurship incubation platforms.The demand-based ecological advantage theory emphasizes mutual empowerment and value co-creation,which can effectively explain the process of achieving high performance of entrepreneurship incubation platforms.However,the current research on ecological advantage is still in its infancy stage.Some scholars have explained the concept of ecological advantage,but the composition dimension is still unclear,let alone the corresponding measurement scale,which limits the theoretical development and empirical test of subsequent research,and requires scholars to explore and improve.This study combines qualitative and quantitative research methods to define the connotation,explore the dimensions and develop the scale of ecological advantage of entrepreneurship incubation platforms.First,this paper focuses on the platform context and entrepreneurship incubation platform objects,and systematically composes the literature on entrepreneurship incubation platforms and ecological advantage;second,this paper selects five typical entrepreneurship incubation platforms,defines the connotation of ecological advantage of entrepreneurship incubation platforms through rooting theory,and summarizes the three dimensions of ecological advantage of entrepreneurship incubation platforms(ecological diversity,ecological synergy,and ecological evolution).The ecological diversity of the entrepreneurship incubation platform mainly refers to the diversity of industries,stages and scales of the start-ups in the platform;the synergy of the ecological advantage of the entrepreneurship incubation platform mainly refers to the synergy between the platform and the start-ups in terms of mutual cooperation and dependence;the evolution of the ecological advantage of the entrepreneurship incubation platform mainly refers to the growth,product improvement and new incubation of the start-ups in the platform.The evolutionary nature of the ecological advantage of the entrepreneurship incubation platform mainly refers to the evolutionary characteristics of the growth,product improvement,and incubation of the new start-ups.Secondly,based on the rooting theory and the literature base,this paper developed the ecological advantage of entrepreneurship incubation platform measurement questions through a standardized scale development procedure.Finally,the reliability of the scale was tested by exploratory factor analysis and validation factor analysis,and a scale with good reliability and validity was obtained.The theoretical contributions of this paper are as follows:firstly,this study promotes the in-depth integration of ecological theory and competitive advantage;secondly,it clarifies the concept and dimensions of ecological advantage of entrepreneurship incubation platform.Finally,this paper provides an ecological advantage measurement tool.