中国集成电路产业政策焦点变迁与演进规律

Research on the policy changes of China’s integrated circuit industry

以2001-2020年中国国家层面颁布的93项集成电路产业政策为研究对象,对不同发展阶段的产业政策数量、政策发文主体和政策焦点的变迁过程与演变特征进行归纳梳理。研究发现,自2000年我国出台首项针对集成电路产业的政策文本以来,单年政策发文数量伴随纲领性政策颁布呈现阶段性爆发式增长;政策主体变化表现为自十二五以来参与主体更多元、府际合作更频繁,即中央对集成电路产业的重视程度不断增加,政府资源利用效率不断提升;依五年规划和政策焦点分布将政策阶段划分为从无到有追跑期、创新能力培养期、产业规律重视期、发展质量提升期;政策焦点变迁过程总体呈现为早期注重集成电路全产业链布局与发展,中期关注产业价值链向中高端迈进和产业创新链向系统化完善,近期聚焦产业链与创新链的双向融合发展。政策演变逻辑为政府治理理念随着对集成电路产业特征和发展规律认识的不断深入而对已有政策体系不断进行调整和完善。

It is well known that the development of integrated circuit can bring a crucial impact on a country’s intelligent manufacturing level and international competitiveness.The ubiquitous chip has become the controlling factor of the game between countries.Since the start of the 21st century,China has implemented a series of policy to encourage the innovation and development of the integrated circuit industry,which has effectively supported the domestic technology catch-up and market expansion in the field of integrated circuits during the past two decades.Nowadays,while already being the largest IC market in the world,China is still facing an unprecedented supply chain security crisis in the integrated circuit industry,which has attracted extensive attention from the society and the community of scholars for a time.In recent years,regarding the issue surface on China’s IC industry policy,the academic community has launched a series of explorations,and numerous existing research has been carried out to explore further on the IC industrial policy.However,there are still some missing pieces on the map:on the one hand,most of the existing studies focus on the effect of the specific policy,on the other hand,there is a lack of research on the process of IC industry policy change from the prospective of history.To better understand the change of policy process of China’s integrated circuit industry,93 policies issued by China’s central authorities from 2001 to 2020have been selected as the main sample in this paper.Based on content analysis and policy documents quantitative research methods,the process of change and evolution characteristics of China’s IC industrial policy from the perspectives of policy quantity,policy makers and policy focus at different development stages are summarized.The result shows that the number of policy documents issued per year has increased exponential with the promulgation of programmatic policies since China issued the first policy for the IC industry in 2000.Since entering the 12th five-year plan,policy makers from different authorities has come into picture,and the intergovernmental cooperation has become more frequent,which manifests that the central government has paid more attention to the IC industry,and the utilization efficiency of government resources has been improved.According to the five-year plans and the various focus of the policy,the policy stages have been divided into four periods:the chase period of advanced technology,the cultivation period of innovation ability,the attention period of industrial law and the improvement period of development quality.The process of policy focus change shows that in the early stage,the government paid more attention to lay in the foundation of domestic IC industry chain and optimize the layout.While in the medium term,the focus of policies has been shifted towards pushing the industrial value chain to middle and high-end,and also concerned about the systematic improvement of industrial innovation chain.In recent years,the policy makers paid attention to the two-way integrated development of the industrial chain and innovation chain.The whole evolution process has reflected the ever-changing governance concept of the central government.As the policy makers have gradually advanced the understanding of the characteristics and development law of the integrated circuit industry,the existing policy system is also constantly adjusted and supplemented with more details.Based on the existing policy system and the current situation of IC industrial development in China,the policy makers should go extra mile to established a healthier domestic industrial innovation ecosystem,and built an environment that encourage the prosperity of the IC industry in the future.