科技社团参与科技评价的角色与路径——基于三重逻辑的理论分析

The role and path of S&T societies participating in S&T evaluation——Theoretical analysis based on triple logic

探索科技社团参与科技评价的理论机理及实现路径是深化科技体制改革和完善科技评价机制的重要内容。本文在厘定科技社团概念与功能的基础上,从组织逻辑、制度逻辑和行动逻辑论述了科技社团参与科技评价的独特优势,并归纳了科技社团参与科技评价的四种角色,即评价组织者、标准制定者、失信约束者及奖励举荐者。然后,系统阐释了四种角色的内涵、特征及实现基础,建构了科技社团参与科技评价的实践路径。最后提出科技社团更好地参与科技评价的改革举措。

As a critical instrument to serve science and technology(S&T)management and decision-making,S&T evaluation plays an important role in promoting the steady development of the S&T industry in China and optimizing the allocation of S&T resources efficiently.S&T societies,as an important integral part of the S&T evaluation system,act as the supporting force for the transition of government functions such as S&T evaluation,and have always been highly concerned by the State.Nevertheless,it is still necessary to further clarify why S&T societies can play a role,what roles they should play and how to play a better role in S&T evaluation.First of all,on the premise of clarification of the concept and function of S&T societies,the unique advantages of S&T societies in S&T evaluation were analyzed in this paper from the perspective of organizational logic,institutional logic and action logic,and then the four roles of S&T societies in S&T evaluation were summarized,including evaluation organizer,standard setter,restrainer of trust-breaking and reward presenter.Among them,the evaluation organizer mainly refers to organizations that participate in organizing S&T evaluation activities or invite experts and scholars for S&T evaluation activities.The standard setter mainly refers to organizations that develop standards for S&T evaluation activities and industry practice standards for third-party evaluation institutions.The restrainer of trust-breaking contains not only the governance of research misconduct in a broad sense but also the governance of trust-breaking behaviors in S&T evaluation,mainly referring to trust-breaking behaviors during the implementation of current S&T evaluation.The reward presenter is responsible for the relevant awards(including honorary awards and material awards)established by S&T societies,as well as S&T talents recommended by S&T societies.Afterwards,the characteristics and realization basis of the aforementioned four roles were explained systematically,and the practical paths for S&T societies to participate in S&T evaluation were constructed,including the multi-subject linkage path and multi-category participation path as the evaluation organizer,the multi-level intervention path and all-round guarantee path as the standard setter,the discussion&research path and constraint&standardization path as the restrainer of trust-breaking,and the systematic reward path and systematic recommendation path as the reward presenter.The question of how S&T societies participate in S&T evaluation was answered by virtue of the paths constructed in a systematic way.Finally,reform initiatives were proposed for S&T societies to better participate in S&T evaluation from three aspects:collaborating to promote the reform of institutional mechanism,strengthening the organization of S&T societies,and enhancing the operation capacity of S&T societies.It is expected that this study can provide reference for deepening the reform of S&T system and improving the S&T evaluation system.Meanwhile,there are two deficiencies in this study:First,there is a lack of in-depth analysis of the current situation,characteristics and paths of different types of S&T societies participating in S&T evaluation.Second,the current situation,problems and experiences of domestic and foreign S&T societies participating in S&T evaluation are not analyzed and sorted out systematically.