企业女工程技术人员发展现状、问题及对策

Current situation,problems and suggestions of female engineering and technical personnel in enterprises

女性工程技术人员是促进我国科技与经济社会发展的重要力量。为反映企业女工程技术人员发展现状、破除她们在职业发展过程中面临的困难和阻碍,本研究采用定量与定性研究相结合的方式开展调研。研究发现,女性在工程技术领域所占的比例持续提升,且发挥着越来越重要的作用。然而女性工程技术人员队伍仍需进一步发展,她们在职业发展上评价较低、专业能力发挥不足、仍面临不公平的对待。国家和组织层面对女性工程技术人员政策关注不足,男性对女性存在能力、性格和成就偏见,养育和家务劳动的社会分工,女性退休年龄的设定,社会激励不足等均是制约女工程技术人员发展的重要原因。针对以上问题和原因分析,结合女工程技术人员的呼声,本研究提出了七点改善建议。

Female engineers and technicians are important force in promoting the development of science and technology and economic society in our country.In order to reflect the status quo of the development of female engineers and technicians in enterprises,and to eliminate the difficulties and obstacles they face in the process of career development,this research adopts a combination of quantitative and qualitative research to conduct investigations.788 engineering and technical personnel from enterprises participated in the questionnaire survey(of which 51.3%were women and 48.7%were men),and 32 female engineering and technical personnel of enterprises,enterprise management personnel,and experts whom engaged in science and technology policy,social policy and social gender were also interviewed.The study found that,the proportion of women in the field of engineering continues to increase,women account for one-third of all engineering and technical personnel in 2020.And they are playing an increasingly important role,and the gender advantages of women in engineering and technical work are becoming more and more prominent.However,female engineering and technical personnel still needs further development.Compared with medical sciences,natural sciences,agricultural sciences,and humanities and social sciences,women are still low in the field of engineering technology.Female engineers and technicians in enterprises have low evaluations on their career development,underutilize their professional abilities,and still face unfair treatment in terms of career promotion and application.The above mentioned problems of female engineers and technicians are not only due to their own reasons such as physical limitations and poor integration ability in work communication,but also some external restrictions in the development environment.For example,there is insufficient attention to female engineering and technical personnel policies at the national and organizational levels.Men have prejudice against women engineers and technicians in terms of ability,character and achievement.The traditional social division of labor in parenting and housework affects the development of female engineers and technicians.The setting of female engineers and technicians’retirement age are earlier than male engineers and technicians,which resulted in a waste of female talent.And insufficient social incentives for female engineers and technicians,those are all important reasons restricting the development of female engineering and technical personnel.In response to the above problems and causes,combined with the voice of female engineers and technicians,this study puts forward seven suggestions for improvement.That is,strengthen policy support to further cultivate high-level female engineering and technical personnel.Create more opportunities for training,exchange,and further study for female engineering and technical personnel in enterprises.Establish the China Outstanding Female Engineer Award to expand the publicity and to set an example of outstanding women.Establish public childcare institutions,and strengthen social services,in order to ease the burden of family parenting and elderly care.Take measures to resolve gender discrimination in corporate recruitment,and give female engineers and technicians more equal opportunities for promotion.Implement the same age retirement policy of male and female engineers and technicians with senior titles.Advocate the establishment of women organization in enterprises,to safeguard women’s rights and care for women’s physical and mental health.