新能源汽车协同创新网络结构及影响因素研究

Structure and influencing factors of cooperative innovation network for new energy automobile

以2012-2020年京津冀地区新能源汽车产业联合申请专利数为样本,构建京津冀地区新能源汽车产业协同创新网络,运用社会网络分析法(SNA)对协同创新网络结构进行分析。为进一步分析产业邻近维度、知识邻近维度和地理邻近维度对协同创新网络演化的作用机理,构建二次指派程序(QAP)回归模型进行实证研究并对系数进行非参数检验。研究表明:9年间京津冀新能源汽车产业协同创新网络快速演化,网络密度与网络中心势表明协同创新网络呈现多中心化趋势,子群之间凝聚力较差;三省市协同创新网络核心节点均为“国家电网公司”,多个核心节点在协同创新网络内部占据重要结构洞位置。京津冀三省市不同阶段的不同邻近效应对协同创新网络产生不同影响:产业邻近与地理邻近始终正向影响协同创新网络发展,不同省市不同阶段知识邻近影响的显著程度不同。

While the global economic situation is becoming increasingly complex and trade protectionism is on the rise,the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020 has brought uncertainty and instability to international economic growth and innovative output,because of the high investment of innovation and the limitation of resource,information and knowledge,the single node innovation cannot take the advantage in the fierce market competition.As a strategic emerging industry relying on regional innovation ability and innovation level,new energy automobile industry is very important to the economic development of a country.Collaborative innovation is the key to the future development of new energy automobile industry,and the key to breaking down trade barriers and establishing competitive advantages.It is a great significance to study the characteristics of collaborative innovation network and analyze the influence of proximity on it for promoting the development of new energy automobile industry.In order to solve a series of difficult problems that restrict the development of China’s new energy automobile industry,such as the difficulty in breaking through the core technical barriers,the high uncertainty of innovation and the low rate of return on R&D investment,taking the number of joint patent applications of new energy automobile industry in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2012 to 2020 as a sample,this paper constructs collaborative innovation networks of new energy automobile industry in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,social network analysis(SNA)is used to analyze the network structure of collaborative innovation networks.In order to further analyze the mechanism of industrial proximity dimension,knowledge proximity dimension and geographical proximity dimension on the evolution of collaborative innovation networks,second-order assignment procedure(QAP)regression model was constructed for empirical study and non-parametric test of coefficients.The results show that:firstly,from the perspective of networks evolution,the collaborative innovation networks of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei new energy automobile industry has evolved rapidly in 9 years,the collaborative innovation networks of the three provinces and cities have gone through the birth stage,the development and formation stage of the networks,all of which have formed different degrees of network topology.Secondly,from the overall network level,the network density and network-centric potential show that the network of collaborative innovation tends to be multi-centric and the cohesion among subgroups is poor,while the location of the core node is generalized,the connections between the nodes and between subgroup and subgroup are further strengthened with evolution.Thirdly,from the individual network level,the core nodes of the three provinces and cities collaborative innovation networks are all“State Grid Corporation”,and many core nodes occupy important structural holes in the collaborative innovation networks.Fourthly,from the perspective of proximity,the different proximity effects of Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei provinces at different stages have different impacts on collaborative innovation networks:industrial proximity and geographical proximity always have positive impacts on the development of collaborative innovation networks,the significant degree of knowledge proximity is different in different provinces and cities.From the perspective of optimizing the distribution of collaborative innovation networks in regional space,this paper puts forward some suggestions for the development of collaborative innovation networks in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei new energy automobile industry.The contributions of this paper are as follows:firstly,from the perspective of research methods,considering the influence of the spatial factors of the collaborative innovation networks of the new energy automobile industry on the evolution of the collaborative innovation networks,the QAP measurement model is used to solve the problem of correlation among samples in network nodes.Secondly,from the theoretical level,based on the multi-dimensional adjacency theory,this paper explores the relationship between multiple embedded dimensions of collaborative innovation networks and the evolution of collaborative innovation networks,the method of range standardization is used to deal with the data of adjacent dimensions of knowledge.