负责任停滞视角下地球工程的伦理再思考

Ethical rethinking of Geoengineering from the perspective of responsible stagnation

地球工程中已有的“贾米森原则”“牛津原则”和“收费门原则”明确了地球工程的责任主体和行动框架,但在伦理层面对于实验过程和部署的要求略显不足,而且忽视了地球工程如若产生不利影响后如何应对的现实问题。负责任停滞是在对负责任创新研究的质疑中新提出的概念。它是一种保护机制,在地球工程中它从宏观层面批判毫无意义和背离人类福祉的实验项目,倡导创新的产生要源于责任;其次要求在极端情况下,社会和极具危险性的创新活动必须停滞,以确保人类的安全和为孕育有效的应对举措争取时间。在微观层面它要求以责任为导向重构实验设计;以强道德约束为条件解构实验部署;以停滞为双重指向建构化解危机的稳妥法则。负责任停滞原则弥补了地球工程已有原则在过程和结果阶段伦理指导不足和补救措施的缺位。

The existing"Jamieson’s Principles"、"Oxford Principles"and"Tollgate Principles"in geoengineering define its responsibility subject and action framework clearly.Nevertheless,they make slightly insufficient ethical requirement for the experimental process and actual deployment and ignore the realistic problems on how to deal with negative effects made by geoengineering.Responsible stagnation,a new concept proposed in the questioning of responsible innovation research,is a protection mechanism.Firstly,it criticizes meaningless experimental projects that deviates from human well-being at macro level,advocating that innovations stem from responsibility;secondly,it requires that in extreme cases,social and extremely dangerous Innovation activities be stagnated so as to ensure human safety and buy time to nurture effective responses.Finally,it requires,at micro level,the responsibility-oriented experimental design to be reconstructed,experimental deployment with moral constraints to be deconstructed and a solid law for resolving crises with stagnation as the dual guidance to be constructed.The principle of responsible stagnation makes up for the lack of ethical guidance and remedial measures for the existing principles of geoengineering in the process and result stages.