创业韧性对再创意愿的影响:双元学习与反事实思维的作用

The influence of entrepreneurial resilience on re-entrepreneurship intention: Role of ambidextrous learning and counterfactual thinking

基于经验学习与归因理论,构建有调节的双中介作用理论模型框架,研究失败情境下创业韧性与再创意愿的因果关系机制,重点探究双元学习在两者间的中介作用机理,同时引入反事实思维作为创业韧性对再创意愿作用机理的边界条件。实证研究发现:(1)创业韧性对再创意愿有积极促进作用;(2)双元学习在创业韧性与再创意愿之间有部分中介作用;(3)自我导向反事实思维调节创业韧性对探索式学习的直接作用以及其通过探索式学习对再创意愿的间接作用;(4)他人导向反事实思维调节创业韧性对利用式学习的直接作用以及其通过利用式学习对再创意愿的间接作用。因此,创业失败的创业者通过对失败事件的反思、解构与归因,有目的地进行创业学习,可以激发创业者的再创意愿,从而为创业失败者东山再起提供自我进取与社会支持的理论依据与决策借鉴。

As an evolutionary process of continuous trial and error,entrepreneurship often fails more frequently than success.In fact,most entrepreneurs have experienced failure before they succeed.For entrepreneurs,failure can lead to a series of negative emotions,such as sadness,shame,frustration,anger,etc.Some entrepreneurs will never recover from now on.However,some entrepreneurs will be more frustrated and brave,and fight repeatedly,actively walk out of the shadow of failure,reflect and summarize experience and lessons,and strive to make progress and rise again,and rapidly change to success.Therefore,how to face failure directly is the key to the subsequent re-entrepreneurship behavior.In essence,failure is not a precious asset,nor is it the mother of success,but the reflection and summary of failure experience and lessons.Failure experience needs reflection and summary,and the process of reflection and summary is the process of failure learning for entrepreneurs.Therefore,it is of great practical significance for entrepreneurs to learn how to get rid of the shadow of failure and make a comeback after failure.Due to the“survivor bias”,most researches in the field of entrepreneurship focus on the realization path or influencing factors of entrepreneurial success,while the existing researches are still lack of attention on how to get out of the shadow and make a comeback after the failure of entrepreneurs.Due to the influence of the Confucian evaluation model of“success and defeat”,most entrepreneurs think that failure and success are opposite to each other,so they avoid failure.Only a few entrepreneurs tolerate and accept failure,adjust negative emotions in time,reflect on learning and gain growth,which is the performance of entrepreneurs’high level of entrepreneurial resilience.Research shows that resilience can help individuals adjust themselves in bad environment and quickly get rid of the shadow of adversity.That is,the higher the resilience level is,the faster they can get out of the shadow of failure,and sum up experience and lessons,so as to achieve and surpass themselves.According to the theory of experiential learning,failure learning refers to the process of breaking the old behavior pattern and establishing a new behavior pattern on the basis of the original failure.This process requires individuals or organizations to face failure and explore and solve the root causes of failure.Entrepreneurial failure experience contains important information that is not easy to identify,which is the source of information for entrepreneurs to recreate a new enterprise.The generation of re-entrepreneurship intention not only needs entrepreneurs’existing knowledge and skills,but also needs entrepreneurs to explore and tap new knowledge and skills on the original basis,so as to provide them with a steady stream of business inspiration.Therefore,ambidextrous learning may be an important way to stimulate entrepreneur’s re-entrepreneurship intention.Therefore,entrepreneurial resilience,ambidextrous learning and re-entrepreneurship intention are closely related.Based on above,according to empirical learning and attribution theory,this paper aims to construct a theoretical model framework of regulated double mediation,study the causal relationship mechanism between entrepreneurial resilience and re-entrepreneurship intention in failure situations,and focus on the mediation mechanism between ambidextrous learning,and introduce counterfactual thinking as the boundary condition of the mechanism of entrepreneurial resilience to re-entrepreneurship intention.The empirical study shows the follow.Firstly,entrepreneurial resilience has a positive effect on re-entrepreneurship intention.Secondly,ambidextrous learning has a partial mediating effect between entrepreneurial resilience and re-entrepreneurship intention.Thirdly,self-directed counterfactual thinking regulates the direct effect of entrepreneurial resilience on exploratory learning and its indirect effect on re-entrepreneurship intention through exploratory learning.Finally,other-oriented counterfactual thinking regulates the direct effect of entrepreneurial resilience on exploitative learning and its indirect effect on re-entrepreneurship intention through exploitative learning.Therefore,entrepreneurs who fail to start a business,through reflection,deconstruction and attribution of the failure events,can carry out purposeful entrepreneurial learning,which can stimulate entrepreneur’s re-entrepreneurship intention,thus providing theoretical basis and decision-making reference for self-improvement and social support for entrepreneurs who fail to make a comeback.