构筑多层联动的新兴产业创新生态系统:理论框架与实证研究

Building Multi-layered Innovation Ecosystems in Emerging Industries: Theoretical Framework and Empirical Study

后发国家培育发展新兴产业,需构建与以往技术追赶型不同的、知识与商业深度融合的创新生态系统。为此,研究从创新全周期视角,提出"科学—技术—市场"多层联动的新兴产业创新生态系统分析框架;并以3D打印产业为例,基于文献、专利、商业多源异构数据,结合社会网络分析、拓扑聚类分析,刻画中国新兴产业创新生态系统的总体格局及其联动协同。结果发现,中国新兴产业创新生态系统呈现出科学技术在部分领域领先并驱动发展的新格局,同时也出现了科学、技术、市场联动不足导致缺乏协同、商业相对滞后的新问题。

When cultivating and developing emerging industries, late movers need to build an innovation ecosystem with in-depth integration of knowledge and business, which might be different from the traditional technological catch-ups. Based on the perspective of the whole innovation cycle, this paper proposes a science-technology-business(S-T-B) ecosystem framework to analyze how the late movers catch up with the developed countries by building an innovation ecosystem of emerging industry. This paper examines the holistic layout of an emerging innovation ecosystem as well as its interplays and synergies, and explores the new pattern and new problems of innovation catch-up in emerging economies.This paper conceptualizes the innovation ecosystem as a complex, interconnected system consisting of three complementary and synergistic sub-ecosystems: science, technology, and business ecosystems. On the one hand, it makes an international comparative analysis of the local cooperation networks in each sub-ecosystem of the emerging industry. On the other hand, it focuses on the study of the focal country to further explore its science, technology and business ecosystems, so as to make an in-depth characterization of the development characteristics of the three sub-ecosystems. Besides, through cross-layer analysis, it further examines the linkages and synergies between science,technology and business in the innovation ecosystem. Based on the above analysis framework, this paper conducts a case study in the 3 D printing industry. Through the analysis of multi-source heterogeneous data including literature,patents and commercial data as well as expert interviews, this paper carries out panoramic analysis and problem diagnosis of the innovation ecosystem to explore new laws in the innovation ecosystem in emerging economies.Through the case analysis, it can be seen that in the global 3 D printing innovation ecosystem, China has a relatively high global position in the science ecosystem and a high degree of internationalization, and the leading entities are universities and scientific research institutes. As far as technology ecosystem is concerned, China has a medium global position and a relatively low degree of internationalization, with universities and research institutes occupying a pivotal position. Take business ecosystem into consideration, China’s global position is low, and its international influence is not significant, and the derivative enterprises of universities and research institutes play important roles in this sub-ecosystem. The key to realizing the synergetic development of China’s innovation ecosystem of emerging industry is to bridging the chasm between science and technology ecosystems and business ecosystem and strengthening the interaction of science, technology and business ecosystem.The research concludes that the innovation ecosystem of China’s emerging industry presents a new pattern that science and technology have become the essential driven factors in some fields. At the same time, there are also new problems occurred, such as the lack of interplays and the backward in business ecosystem due to the insufficient interactions between science, technology and business sub-ecosystem. The theoretical contributions of this paper are as follows: Firstly, this paper put forwards the concept and framework of multi-layered industrial innovation ecosystem with interplays between science, technology and business ecosystems, which fills the gap between knowledge economy and business economy in previous studies, and expands the concept and theoretical basis of the innovation ecosystem. Secondly, it explores the overall layout and interplays of the innovation ecosystem of emerging industry in China, and it analyzes the new patterns and new problems presented, which enriches the research on the innovation ecosystem in the context of emerging industries in the late-mover countries. Thirdly, this paper explores the application of multi-source heterogeneous data analysis method in innovation ecosystem research, which makes up for the deficiency of previous qualitative research. In addition, it provides policy suggestions for China to build innovation ecosystems of emerging industries.