STS实践转向、时间维度,以及在时间尺度上的主体和客体

The Practice Turn,Time Dimension in STS,and the Subjects and Objects on the Temporal Dimension

在STS学界20世纪80年代开始了“实践转向”。通过综述“实践转向”中的经典案例,据此阐明其来龙去脉。学界业已关注实践转向的一个本质,即处理主客体二分的困境:外部世界如何能够进入人的认知,认知中的图景如何能被确证是真实无误的?这部分研究对实践行为的关注抹平了主客体。同时,进一步把这种主客体消弭的世界图景放置在特定的时间维度下观看:究其根底,集体、孤独的主体、客体,它们统统处于“实践行为”这个当下的时刻之外,它们是进入了“当下”时间维度的外来者。与此相对,当下在实践中的只有行为。而在场的行为不再给出那些从时间终点或从原初点投射过来的本体事物,而是让事物和人在当下不断地新生。

In the STS community,the Practice Turn started in 1980s.By summarizing the classical cases in the field,the paper outlines the origin and orientation of the Practice Turn.The academic community has paid attention to the essence of practice turning,that is,dealing the conundrum of subject-object dichotomy:how can an external world enter human cognition?How can ideas in mind be ascertained as true representations?The focus on practice in this part of the study flattens subjects and objects.At the same time,the world in which subjects and objects dissolved is further placed in a particular temporal dimension:fundamentally,collectivity,lone ego cogito,and object,all anchors beyond the present moment of acting/behaving,they are intruders in the temporal dimension of the present.In contrast,there is only the behavior in the practice.The present behavior does not render those ontological entities readily projected either from the ultimate end of history or the origin,but constantly reinvents things and people in the moment.