翁文灏与民国地理学 以《申报馆地图集》编纂为核心的研究

Wong Wen hao and Geography in the Republic of China Research centered on the compilation of the Atlas of Shun Pao

翁文灏对中国现代地理学有多方面的奠基性贡献,其中与地图编纂相关的有三项:一、20世纪20—30年代,首度考订厘清了清初地图测绘的始末。对清初地图测绘史的“重新发现”,为以后《申报馆地图集》的编纂奠定了科学基础,同时也为中国现代地图编纂开辟了新的前景。二、20世纪30年代,先后参与主持编纂了再版10次以上的商务印书馆《中国分省图》和中国地图史上具有划时代意义的《申报馆地图集》,影响广泛。三、1928年创办清华大学地理学系,设计并亲自讲授“中国地理通论”“人文地理”和“地图学”三门课程,为清华地理学科发展奠定的基础、确立的方向,长久地发挥着重要影响。

Wong Wen-hao had made many fundamental contributions to modern Chinese geography,including three contributions related to map compilation:First,in the 1920s and 1930s,he clarified the beginning and the end of mapping in the early Qing Dynasty for the first time.The“rediscovery”of the history of map surveying and mapping in the early Qing Dynasty laid a scientific foundation for the compilation of the Atlas of Shun Pao,and also opened up a new prospect for the compilation of modern Chinese maps.Second,in the 1930s,he participated in and presided over the compilation of the Commercial Press’s Map of China’s Provinces,which was republished more than 10 times,and the epoch-making Atlas of Shun Pao in the history of Chinese maps,which had a wide impact.Third,he founded the Department of Geography of Tsinghua University in 1928,and not only designed courses,but also personally taught three courses,called“General Theory of Chinese Geography”,“Human Geography”and“Cartography”,which laid the foundation and established the direction of the development of geography in Tsinghua University,and played an important role in the development of geography for a long time.