洛克菲勒基金会与中国护理职业女性化

The Rockefeller Foundation and the Feminization of Nursing Profession in China

美国洛克菲勒基金会在中国投资医疗事业伊始,即明确树立提升中国护士地位、将护理发展成为受过良好教育的中国女性乐于从事的职业这一目标。根据相关档案资料,从女性职业建构的角度,重点梳理了该基金会从20世纪10年代末期到40年代在北京协和医学院开创性的护理工作,从护理事业发展进程中至关重要的医院护理、护理高等教育、公共卫生护理及决定护理发展的领导力四个维度上,展现了中国护理职业女性化的重要轨迹及该基金会在其中的作用。

The Rockefeller Foundation began its investment in healthcare in China with the clear goal of promoting the status of nurses in China and developing nursing into a career for well-educated Chinese women.Based on relevant archival materials and from the lens of professional identity construction,this paper teases out the Foundation’s pioneering nursing projects in Peking Union Medical College from the late 1910 s to the 1940 s,in order to reveal the important trajectory of the feminization of the nursing profession in China and the role of the foundation in it from the four dimensions of hospital nursing,nursing higher education,public health nursing,and nursing leadership.