以方求圜:闵明我《方星图》的绘制与传播

To Make a Celestial Sphere with Cube:The Compilation and Diffusion of “Cubic Star Map” by Jesuit Claudio Filippo Grimaldi

通过讨论意大利传教士闵明我《方星图》的绘制方法,分析了该星图在比利时传教士南怀仁《灵台仪象志》星表的基础上,如何借鉴法国传教士巴蒂星图的投影方法,用以完成这种"以浑圆为立方"的独特星图。此外,还讨论了《方星图》的特点及其用法,以及清代士人阶层对这种新式星图的反响。通过梳理该图现有不同藏本,分析了该星图在朝鲜李朝以及欧洲的传播和使用情况。

This paper discusses the compilation of the"Cubic Star Map"by Italian missionary Claudio Filippo Grimaldi.It shows that the projection method of this map refers to the star chart of Globi coelestis by French missionary Ignace Gaston Pardies,and the stars were based on the star catalogue of the Belgian missionary Ferdinand Verbiest’s Disclosure on the Newly-Built Astronomical Instruments in the Observatory.In this way,Grimaldi achieved a unique celestial sphere with the shape of cube.In addition,it also discusses the characteristics and usage of the"Cubic Star Map",as well as the response of the scholars in the Qing Dynasty to this new type of star map.By surveying the extant copies of this map,this paper also analyzes the diffusion and adoption of it in the Joseon Dynasty of Korea and Europe.