德治、礼教与共同体意识——试论祭公谋父的政治思想

Rule of Virtue,Rituals,and a Sense of Community:On Moufu’s Political Thought

祭公谋父的政治思想主要表现为德治与礼教,他主张“耀德而不观兵”的治理思想,反对滥用武力,主张推行修德、利民和文教的治理策略。在礼治天下的问题上,他主张依照先王所定下的礼制制度来构造依礼和谐的天下秩序。祭公谋父的政治思想中蕴含了共同体意识,他将天下看成是一个有中心、有边缘的差序格局共同体,在这个共同体里,和平发展是最为重要的价值,亲亲尊尊是保证秩序稳定的伦理和政治原则,而尊重传统、尊重礼制的普遍共识,对于解决共同体成员的分歧来说不可或缺。

Moufu’s political advocacy was for the rule of virtue and rituals.He opposed the misuse of military force and promoted government strategies for the cultivation of virtue,the welfare of the people,and education.In ruling all under heaven,he advocated building a ritual-based and harmonious order according to the ritual system established by the former kings of Zhou.He had a sense of community that all under heaven is a hierarchical community with both central and peripheral areas,the main goal of which is peaceful development.Affection for kin and relatives and reverence for the honorable are essential for social and political stability,and consensus on reverence for tradition and reverence for ritual is indispensable for reconciling differences among community members.