何种观念?怎样的制度?——不同人性观视域下的制度演进与建构

What Kind of Concept?What Sort of System?On the Construction and Evolution of Social Systems according to Different Views of Human Nature

普遍人性及由此所推展而来的不同人性观,是人类社会诸般制度赖以演进与建构的出发点。故而,人性及相应的人性观,对于人类社会的多样态制度演进或设计,无疑具有形上本源性意义和规训作用。既往,“性善论”和“性恶论”牢牢占据人性观的两大制高点,因此,一直以来,涉及“性善论”和“性恶论”两大人性观及各自与制度演进或建构的内在逻辑关系,中外学界用力甚笃。实则,人性并非“性善”和“性恶”之间简单机械的对极性存在,而是复杂多元的结构性实存。在此复杂多元结构体系之中,“性本私”和相应的“性私论”人性观,更加趋近于人性的本真或本质,由此而引申出的人性的自利属性与制度演进或建构之间的内在关联,大有进一步深入讨论和开掘的余地。

Human nature and various views of human nature are the starting points on which diversified social systems have been constructed and evolved.There has been considerable research worldwide on the views of human nature as to whether"human nature is good"or"human nature is evil,"and on the inner logic of its relationship with the construction and evolution of various social systems.In fact,however,human nature has never been simply a binary of good or evil but a complex,pluralistic structural entity.In this structural entity,the view of"human nature as inherently selfish"and thus"egocentric"tends to be closer to the truth or essence of human nature.Therefore,much remains be discussed and explored concerning the correlation between the selfishness of human nature and the construction and evolution of social systems.