“宁静中国”与噪声治理关键技术的若干重大问题

Major issues in noise control technology and“Quiet China”

一般而言,噪声是指人们不需要的声音.习近平总书记在十九大报告中提出要加快生态文明体制改革,建设美丽中国,还自然以宁静、和谐、美丽.这里,“宁静”的物理意义就是没有噪声的污染.2021年12月24日,第十三届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第三十二次会议通过了新修订的《中华人民共和国噪声污染防治法》(简称《噪声法》).

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposes accelerating the construction of an ecological civilization,“returning nature to serenity,harmony,and beauty”.The key to attaining serenity is noise prevention.The recent passing and implementation of the Noise Pollution Prevention and Control Law indicate that China’s work on noise control for more than 60 years has moved into the fast lane of legalization and standardization.However,noise pollution in the present day has many new characteristics,and further development of noise prevention technology in China still lacks the guidance of top-level planning and deployment.Currently,the promotion of scientific and technological development by various agencies to treat noise prevention in China is generally provisional and passive,responding to noise problems only where required.As a result,it suffers from problems such as overlapping investment,incomplete basic theory studies(e.g.,noise mechanisms),weak technical applications,a lack of core technology and intellectual property rights,and insufficient international competitiveness in industrial products.To solve these issues,based on China’s experience in noise pollution prevention,this paper examines knowledge and technical systems from many disciplines related to noise control and,considering the novel aspects of noise pollution in the present day,proposes a science and technology action plan for a“Quiet China”.This plan aims to cope with the challenges presented by the main sources of noise pollution,noise transmission,and varying citizen response and meet the strategic needs of noise control for related products and equipment.The plan proposes the theoretical basis and technical system of noise control,the promotion of basic research and key technologies,and the expansion of typical application scenarios.The plan sets the goals of mastering the core technologies of noise control,reducing the noise emitted by primary sources by more than 10 dB,and promoting relevant scientific and technological fields in 10-15 years.This paper discusses some of the major issues in constructing a Quiet China and the key technologies of noise control.It addresses the opportunities and challenges of basic research on noise control in China,the role that creating a Quiet China may play in leading the technology and driving the industry and the difficulties it may cause.The paper also explains the connotations,objectives,technical directions,key technologies,and expected effects of the science and technology action plan for a Quiet China.Finally,it puts forward a number of policy suggestions to promote the plan.This paper holds that the scientific and technological action plan for a Quiet China adheres to the unique characteristics of the times in terms of goal orientation,source governance,data empowerment,and intelligent control.In addition,it suggests that relevant research will strongly support the implementation of the new noise law and contribute to establishing“serenity,harmony,and beauty”in China.