皮肤渗透性预测模型在新污染物健康风险评估中的应用研究进展

Research progress on the application of skin permeability prediction model in health risk assessment of emerging pollutants

越来越多的证据表明,皮肤暴露是新污染物进入人体的重要途径.污染物的皮肤渗透性主要由皮肤渗透系数和渗透通量两个参数来反映.借助人体和动物模型开展的体内/体外暴露实验是当前测定新污染物透皮特征的主要手段.然而,此类方法存在成本高、耗时长、差异大以及道德伦理等诸多问题,难以及时准确地反映新污染物的皮肤暴露风险.因此,需发展皮肤渗透性预测数学模型,用于评估污染物的暴露风险和人体健康风险.本文针对风险评估中的皮肤渗透性预测数学模型,介绍皮肤基本结构及新污染物主要透皮吸收途径,概述现有皮肤渗透预测模型的基本原理及其应用,阐明渗透性预测模型在暴露风险和人体健康风险评估中的应用作用,并对数学模型开展新污染物皮肤暴露风险评估方面的研究进行展望.

Emerging pollutants are natural and synthetic chemicals that have recently been identified as dangerous to the environment and consequently to the health of human beings.A growing number of evidence shows that skin exposure is an important intake pathway for human to absorb emerging pollutants.The skin permeability of pollutants is mainly reflected by the skin permeability coefficient and permeation flux.In vivo or in vitro experiments with human and animal models are the main means to determine the transdermal characteristics of emerging pollutants.However,these methods have many disadvantages such as high cost,time-consuming,large differences,and ethics.It is difficult to accurately estimate the skin exposure risk of emerging pollutants.Therefore,it is necessary to build up a skin permeability prediction mathematical model to assess the exposure and health risks of emerging pollutants.This article systematically reviews the research progress on the application of the skin permeability prediction model in the health risk assessment of emerging pollutants.At first,the basic structure of the skin and the main transdermal absorption pathways of emerging pollutants are introduced.Secondly,the basic principles and applications of existing skin permeability prediction models are summarized.The QSAR model and PBTK model were described according to the ratio of penetration to exposure dose.The QSAR model is described in detail to establish a regular model to predict the permeability of chemical pollutants in the skin by linking the structure and physicochemical characteristics of chemical substances with skin permeability.The accuracy of the results depends on the reliability of the modeling data.The PBTK model can be divided into the single-compartment model and the two-compartment model according to the characteristics of skin structure.And we summarized the application of the PBTK model on exposure risk assessment for industry workers or consumers.Moreover,we clarified the application of permeability prediction models in exposure risk and human health risk assessment and prospected the future research direction on dermal exposure risk assessment of emerging pollutants.The skin permeability prediction model optimizes the exposure parameters of daily skin exposure in risk assessment by predicting the skin permeability coefficient or permeability of emerging pollutants,to accurately assess the human exposure and health risk of emerging pollutants.At the end of this research progress,the future research objectives of skin permeability prediction models are pointed out:Improving the accuracy of data and considering the effect of skin esterase on skin permeability in prediction models.