水库消落带研究进展

Research Progress on Water-level-fluctuation Zones of Reservoirs:A Review

水库消落带是因水库蓄水或泄洪而使土地周期性被水淹没或出露水面的特殊区域,消落带具有特殊的能量交换、物质循环和生态格局动态特征,从而成为对水库工程安全(如岸线稳定、地质灾害)和水生态环境演化(水质安全、水生态健康)具有重要作用的"生态交错区(ecotone)",是当前水库生态环境保护研究与可持续性管理实践的关注热点。对2008~2018年期间发表的有关水库消落带研究的论文内容进行了系统总结和分析,文献综述结果表明,2008~2018年有关水库消落带研究的论文发表数量快速增加,早期研究以水库岸线稳定、水库工程安全问题为侧重点,新的研究则注重于水库消落带生态系统功能和健康,水库消落带的变化机制受到广泛关注,水库消落带植被抗逆演替及格局动态、消落带物质循环的生物地球化学过程、消落带土壤(沉积物)的环境微生物作用、消落带生态格局与水库水质动态的互馈影响关系等问题成为研究前沿。未来,在水库消落带植被抗逆演替、干湿交替环境物质循环的微生物作用、消落带生态系统自组织完善、消落带与流域生态格局演化的协同发展等方面,还有待加强理论研究。

Water-level-fluctuation zone is a water-land transition zone formed by dam construction and engineering dispatching operation.Frequent variations in water level lead to unique energy exchange,material circulation and ecological pattern dynamic characteristics in a water-level-fluctuation zone.Therefore,it is an important ecotone that plays critical roles in reservoir engineering safety(such as shoreline stability and geological disasters)and water ecological environment changes(water quality safety,water ecological health),which attract a lot of attentions in the current research on reservoir environmental protection and sustainable management practice.In this study,we systematically analyzed and reviewed the related research papers published from 2008 to 2018.The literature review results showed that in the past 11 years,the number of published research papers on water-level-fluctuation zones has increased rapidly.The early research focused more on shoreline stability and reservoir project safety.The recent research focused more on ecological function and health of water-level-fluctuation zones.Recently,more attention has been paid to the underlying mechanisms for ecological changes in water-level-fluctuation zones.Currently the frontier research topics include vegetation succession patterns and dynamics,biogeochemical processes of material cycling,microbial functions in soil(sediment),interactions between ecological patterns and water quality dynamics in waterlevel-fluctuation zones.China is a country with a large number of reservoirs with different environmental conditions.Therefore,in the future,the vegetation succession patterns and microbial functions in material cycling under water level fluctuation,as well as organization of water-level-fluctuation zone ecosystems and the coordinated development of water-level-fluctuation zone ecosystems with the ecological evolution of their watersheds deserve further research.