五月的梧桐河宝泉岭段河岸区鸟类群落多样性

Diversity of Bird Community in Riparian Zone of Baoquanling Reache of Wutong River

在2017年5月5~11日和2018年5月15~23日,采用样线法,调查梧桐河宝泉岭段宝泉岭大桥至梧桐河农场大桥河岸区的鸟类物种和种群数量,记录鸟类生境状况及其主要干扰因子;选用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Simpson多样性指数和Jaccard相似性指数,分析鸟类群落的物种多样性、均匀度、优势度和相似度。研究结果显示,共记录鸟类15目34科79种,以夏候鸟为主(占74.68%);调查区鸟类生境类型主要为森林、灌丛、湿草甸、沼泽、河流/湖泡和农田,其中,河流/湖泡、森林和灌丛中的鸟类物种数量较多,分别为37种、34种和28种;森林中鸟类群落的物种多样性和均匀度指数都相对最大;灌丛中鸟类群落的优势度相对最大;灌丛与湿草甸和农田中鸟类群落的Jaccard相似性指数最大,为中度相似;干扰鸟类生境的人类活动主要有灌木砍伐、烧荒、放牧和采沙等。

On May 5-11,2017 and May 15-23,2018,the transect method was used to investigate numbers of bird species and individuals in the riparian zone from Baoquanling Bridge to the Wutong River Farm Bridge in the Baoquanling reache of the Wutong River,meanwhile bird habitats and their main disturbances were recorded.The species diversity,evenness,similarity and dominance of different bird communities were analyzed by Shannon-Wiener index,Pielou evenness index,Jaccard similarity index,and Simpson index respectively.The results showed that 79 bird species of 15 orders and 34 families were recorded,and mostly summer migratory birds(account for 74.68%).The types of bird habitat in the survey area were mainly forest,shrub,wet meadow,swamp,water area and farmland.Among them,the bird species numbers in the water areas,forests and shrubs were 37 species,34 species and 28 species respectively.The bird species diversity and evenness index of bird community in the forest were the highest relatively,the dominance degree of bird community in the shrub was the largest,and the Jaccard similarity index between shrub and wet meadow/farmland was higher.The main types of human disturbance in riparian zones were shrub cutting,burning,grazing and sand mining.