1985年以来7个时期双台河口湿地土地利用格局及其变化

Land Use Patterns and Their Changes of Shuangtai Estuarine Wetlands for 7 Periods since 1985

选用1985年、1989年、1995年、2000年、2005年、2009年和2015年Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI影像数据,采用人机交互解译方法,对双台河口湿地进行了土地利用分类;运用遥感和地理信息系统技术,研究了7个时期双台河口湿地的土地利用格局及其变化。研究结果表明,天然湿地面积由1985年的1168.73 km^2减少为2015年的886.97 km^2,减少了24.11%。与1985年相比,2015年,芦苇(Phragmites australis)盐沼、芦苇+碱蓬(Suaeda glauca)盐沼和滩涂面积分别减少了8.86%、37.44%和72.29%,碱蓬盐沼和河流/浅海水域面积分别增加了25.80%和2.08%;人工湿地面积由1985年的62.06 km^2增加为2015年的263.86 km^2,增加了325.18%。与1985年相比,2015年,运河/沟渠面积减少了3.33%,水田、水产养殖场和水库/池塘面积分别增加了557.30%、1940.32%和40.56%。1985~2015年期间,随着时间的推移,7个时期研究区的斑块密度在不断增大,景观的香农多样性指数在波动增大,优势度指数在波动减小。

In this study,land use classification in Shuangtai estuarine wetlands was carried out by man-machine interactive interpretation method,using Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI images in 1985,1989,1995,2000,2005,2009 and 2015.Land use patterns and their changes in Shuangtai estuarine wetlands for 7 periods were studied using remote sensing and geographic information system technology.The results showed that the area of natural wetlands decreased from 1168.73 km^2 in 1985 to 886.97 km^2 in 2015,decreased by 24.11%.From 1985 to 2015,the areas of Phragmites australis salt marshes,Phragmites australis+Suaeda glauca salt marshes and mudflats decreased by 8.86%,37.44%and 72.29%,respectively,while the areas of Suaeda glauca salt marshes and rivers/shallow sea increased by 25.80%and 2.08%,respectively.The area of constructed wetland increased from 62.06 km^2 in 1985 to 263.86 km^2 in 2015,increased by 325.18%.From 1985 to 2015,the area of canals/ditches decreased by 3.33%,while the area of paddy fields,aquaculture farms and reservoirs/ponds increased by 557.30%,1.940.32%and 40.56%,respectively.During the 7 periods,the patch density in the study area was increasing,the Shannon diversity index was fluctuant increasing,and the dominance index was fluctuant decreasing.