广东内伶仃岛-福田国家级自然保护区鱼塘生态恢复前、后水鸟群落多样性对比

Comparison of Diversity of Waterbird Communities before and after Ecological Restoration of Fishing Ponds in Guangdong Neilingding Island-Futian National Nature Reserve

深圳湾是水鸟东亚—澳大利西亚迁飞区内的重要滨海湿地之一,为数以万计的迁飞水鸟提供了重要的停歇地、繁殖地和越冬地。通过比较深圳湾广东内伶仃岛-福田国家级自然保护区内的2号~4号鱼塘生态恢复前、后的水鸟物种和种群数量,以水鸟为指示物种,分析2号~4号鱼塘生态恢复项目的具体成效。研究结果表明,2号~4号鱼塘进行生态恢复后,水鸟群落的物种和种群数量明显增加,与2015年9月至2016年5月期间(恢复前)相比,2018年9月~2019年5月期间(恢复后),水鸟物种数量和种群数量分别增加了28种和13737只;鸻鹬类是生态恢复区域的主要栖息类群;水鸟群落的Margalef指数逐年增大;2017年9月~2018年5月期间(恢复后),鱼塘生态恢复区水鸟群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(2.621)、Pielou均匀度指数(0.688)都最大,说明该时间段水鸟群落的物种多样性水平最高且群落中不同物种种群数量分布相对均衡;鱼塘生态恢复后,春、秋迁徙季水鸟群落的物种和种群数量明显增加。

Shenzhen Bay is one of the important coastal wetlands along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway(EAAF),which provides sound wintering,breeding and stopover sites for thousands and thousands of migratory waterbirds in this flyway.Using waterbirds as indicator species,the authors analyzed the effectiveness of a wetland restoration project in Guangdong Neilingding Island-Futian National Nature Reserve by comparing the population and species of waterbirds before and after ecological restoration of No.2-No.4 fishing ponds.The results showed that the population and species of waterbirds in these ponds were significantly increased after wetland restoration.The population of waterbirds from September 2015 to May 2016(before restoration)increased by 13737 individuals compared with that from September 2018 to May 2019(after restoration),with 28 additional species identified.The shorebirds were the main group in this area.The Margalef index grew over time.The Shannon-Wiener index(2.621)and the Pielou index(0.688)peaked at the period from September 2017 to May 2018(after restoration).It indicated that the diversity of waterbirds was the highest and their population were relatively equilibrium at that time.During the migratory seasons after wetland restoration,the population and species of waterbirds increased in spring and fall.