从认识论角度为直接虚构表征辩护

A Defense of Direct Representation from Epistemology

1991年,斯沃耶指出成功的科学表征理论必须将模型的认知功能(代用推理能力)视为建模成立的必要条件之一,并对如何展开代用推理进行解释。这一观点在建模研究中被普遍承认。近年来,直接虚构表征受到多位哲学家的批判,其中一个焦点在于它无法满足代用推理条件,存在认识论方面的缺陷。这体现在直接虚构表征无法解决与代用推理相关的载体问题和转移机制问题。文章通过区分“推理”和“表征”两个概念,解决直接虚构表征所面临的载体问题,同时主张直接虚构表征本身就拥有足够的概念内涵去解决转移机制问题。另外,文章通过介绍“推理性代用推理条件”概念,推进了对代用推理的理解,质疑模型系统存在的必要性,并批判了DEKI说明的“密匙”概念。

Swoyer proposed that a qualified account of scientific representation must consider the surrogate reasoning ability of a model as one of the necessary conditions for modeling in 1991.This view is generally acknowledged in modeling research.In recent years,the direct fiction representation has been criticized by several philosophers,and one of the main points of criticism is that it cannot satisfy the condition of surrogate reasoning,which shows that the direct fiction representation cannot deal with the problem of carrier and transfer mechanism associated with surrogate reasoning.This paper tries to solve the carrier problem of direct fiction representation by distinguishing the two concepts of reasoning and representation,and maintains that direct fiction representation itself has enough conceptual resources to solve the problem of transfer mechanism.In addition,the paper advances the understanding of surrogate reasoning,challenges the necessity of a model system,and criticizes the concept of“key”in the DEKI account.