心理学还是哲学?——当代民间知识论的哲学考察

Psychology or Philosophy?——A Philosophical Investigation of Contemporary Folk Epistemology

21世纪,心理学家和哲学家基齐纳首先对民间知识论(folk epistemology,简称FE)是心理学还是哲学进行了划分,连同后来基尔根、塞拉斯、丘奇兰德与戈德曼等人的论述我们发现,其共同特征是对这一问题缺乏客观分析而只进行简单的归类,由此造成了民间知识论属于心理学又等同于哲学的混淆困境。通过对民间知识论的语义溯源、范式特征的分析,论文的结论是:知识(knowledge)与认识(cognition)不同,前者属于认识结果,后者是人类感知的活动与过程;所以,民间知识论和民间心理学(folk psychology,简称FP)不同,前者是外在规范的、概念的、元认知理论层次的哲学研究,而后者是心理学意义上内在描述性的、实证的、认知层次的大众认识论研究,两者截然有别,不可混为一谈。

In this century,the psychologist and philosopher Kitchener first defined folk epistemology as psychology or philosophy.Together with the later discussions of Gerken,Goldman,Sellars and others,we found that the common feature was the lack of objective analysis of this issue and only simple classification,which resulted in the confusion dilemma that folk knowledge belonged to psychology and was equal to philosophy.After analyzing the semantic source and paradigm characteristics of folk epistemology,this paper concludes that the epistemology and the theory of cognition are different.The former belongs to philosophy and the latter belongs to psychology.Folk epistemology is different from folk psychology.The former is a philosophical study at the external normative,conceptual and metacognitive theoretical level,while the latter is an intrinsically descriptive,empirical and cognitive folk theory study in the psychological sense.The two are completely different and should not be confused.