实存现象学与历史唯物主义的多维融合——梅洛-庞蒂历史哲学的发生形态

The Multidimensional Fusion of Existential Phenomenology and Historical Materialism:On the Origin of Merleau-Ponty’s Philosophy of History

作为实存论马克思主义的哲学家,虽然梅洛-庞蒂对实存处境中身体维度的创造性描述增强了法国实存论传统在历史哲学论域中的理论力度,但实存现象学仍需面对唯物史观的某种“质询”。经由对辩证法的迂回考察和对意识哲学历史观的批判性研究,梅洛-庞蒂逐步刻画了某种“非介入”的实存立场与“非空间化”的历史结构,试图化解实存现象学和历史唯物主义之间的原始张力。在这一过程中,结合时间现象学的纵向逻辑前提,梅洛-庞蒂现象学历史观的“含混性”特征通过破除自由意志与决定论的二元格局得到了某种“澄清”。

As a philosopher of existential Marxism,although Merleau-Ponty’s creative description of the corporeal dimension in the existential situation improved the theoretical strength of the French existentialist tradition in the field of philosophy of history,the existential phenomenology still needs to face a certain“question”of historical materialism.Through a roundabout investigation of dialectics and a critical study of the historical view of philosophy of consciousness,Merleau-Ponty gradually portrays a certain“non-interventional”existential position and“non-spatialized”historical structure,trying to resolve the original tension between existential phenomenology and historical materialism.In this process,with the longitudinal logic of phenomenology of time,the“ambiguity”feature of Merleau-Ponty’s philosophy of history is“clarified”by transcending the dual structure of free will and determinism.