深度公众科学何以可能?——构建社会强健性知识的一种探索

How is the Deep Citizen Science Possible?——An Exploration of Constructing Socially Robust Knowledge

日益活跃的公众科学实践表明公众可在数据收集、初步数据分析等方面成为“科学家的助手”,公众还可深度参与知识生产,成为“科学家的同事”,但深度公众科学何以可能仍有待阐明。在对“深度公众科学”做出界定的基础上,从科学实践哲学、后常规科学以及专长规范理论角度对公众“可否参与”“为何参与”以及“如何参与”问题,做出理论阐释,进而以美国艾滋病临床研究为案例,分析了两种深度公众科学的实现方式;最后,提出了以分析冲突、参与路径和知识产出为特征的实践框架,并指出深度公众科学的局限性。

The increasingly active citizen science practices show that the public can become“scientists’assistants”in data collection,preliminary data analysis and other work.In addition,studies have pointed out that the public can also deeply participate in knowledge production and become“scientists’colleagues”.However,the possibility of deep citizen science remains to be clarified.On the basis of defining the“deep public science”,this article discussed the theoretical support of practical philosophy of science,post-normal science and norm theory of expertise,to explain three problems faced by deep citizen science,which are“whether to participate”,“why to participate”and“how to participate”,and then take the 1980 s AIDS clinical research as a case.The case shows the failure of traditional knowledge production model and two possible participatory paths.Finally,it designed a practice framework characterized by three stages and pointed out its limitation.