从数学命题的区分看实践认识论的具体运用与内涵拓展

The Specific Application and Connotation Expansion of Practical Epistemology:Based on the Distinction of Mathematical Propositions

康德认为数学命题是借助纯直观的先天综合命题,依托先天认知结构和先验逻辑,致力于重建科学的形而上学;艾耶尔认为数学命题是重言式的分析命题,预设公理和形式逻辑,坚决拒斥形而上学。康德和艾耶尔的理论分歧主要表现在认知基础、逻辑建构和目的意义等三个方面。这些分歧表明,对数学命题区分的问题必须深入到实践层面才能得到真正解答,因为认知基础需要通过实践活动来认证,逻辑建构需要借助实践语境来解读,目的意义需要依靠实践感性来理解。这一解答过程进一步拓展实践认识论的理论内涵:在主体层面重视非理性因素的激活作用、在客体层面强调抽象性的形成过程、在主客体互动层面提供挖掘隐性前提的动态视角。

In order to reconstruct scientific metaphysics,Kant approves that mathematical propositions are intuitively priori synthetic propositions that rely on innate cognitive structure and transcendental logic.Ayer resolutely rejected metaphysics,arguing that mathematical propositions are tautological analytic propositions with presupposed axioms and formal logic.The divergence between theoretical viewpoints of Kant and Ayer is shown in three aspects:cognitive foundation,logical construction and significance.The divergence indicates that the distinction of mathematical propositions must go deep into the practical level to be truly answered,because the cognitive foundation needs to be certified by practice,the logical construction needs to be placed in a practical context,and the understanding of the significance relies on practical perception.At the same time,this solution process further expands the theoretical connotation of practical epistemology:attaching importance to the irrational factors at the subject level,emphasizing the formation process of abstraction at the object level,and providing a dynamic perspective for excavating implicit premises at the subject object interaction level.