接受的嬗变与影响的终结——论俄苏文学在中国的命运

The Changes of Reception and the End of the Influence: Russian Literature in China

20世纪80年代以来,俄苏文学在中国遭受冷遇,这既是历史的必然,亦有令人遗憾之处。这与上世纪五六十年代对俄苏文学的非理性狂热吹捧有必然的联系。而在狂热吹捧背后显示出来的是对俄苏文学的歪曲与误读。这种歪曲与误读与今日对俄苏文学的冷漠有着很大的关系。俄苏文学在中国百年以来文学发展历程的各个阶段呈现不同的命运。中国现当代文学在其自身的发展历程中,自觉地接受了来自俄苏文学的影响。影响的积极与消极取决于中国现当代作家不同的接受理念与方式。自上世纪90年代始,这种影响业已终结,中俄两国文学关系业已走出了影响与被影响的关系而在各自的轨道上平行发展,但相似的文学发展历程决定了当今两国文学仍然面临着诸多相似的问题与困惑。

Even since 1980 s,Russian literature met with a cool response from Chinese readers.Although there are some historical reasons for this situation,it is quite unfortunate.In 1950 s and 1960 s,Russian literature was irrationally regarded as the best literature in the whole world to most Chinese readers,this attitude caused a lot of misrepresentation and misreading in the field.The cool response now in China must be the result of all that happened in the past.During the past 100 years,Chinese modern literature consciously accepted the influence from Russian literature,and the images of Russian literature changed all the time according to different situations in the development course in China.The influence could be good or bad which was decided by the ideas held by some Chinese writers.Since 1990 s,the influence was stopped and the relationship between Chinese literature and Russian literature became independent in many ways.But there are still a lot of similar problems and confusion shared by both.