跨文化交流背景下的清末民初日本汉语教科书

Japanese Chinese Textbooks in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China under the Background of Cross-cultural Communication

清末民初日本的汉语教科书是中日文化逆向传播的一种表现。本文选取了近十种清末民初的日本汉语教材进行研究,通过对教材的内容和语料进行分析发现,这一时期日本的汉语教材基本采用当时的北京话作为资料,它们的编者也多有北京文化的背景,因而在教材中留存了北京丰富的语言和文化信息。在这些语言资料中,最突出的发现就是教材的北京话保留了满语的语言特征,从词汇到特殊结构的使用都可以发现满语的遗迹,其诸多的语料成为研究这一时期北京话的重要内容。尤为重要的是,这些教材在当时中日跨文化传播中起到了反映北京现实生活、积极传播中国文化的作用。

Japanese Chinese Textbooks in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China are the manifestation of the reverse communication of Chinese and Japanese culture.This paper selects nearly ten kinds of Japanese Chinese Textbooks in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China for research.Through the analysis of the contents and corpus of the textbooks,it is found that the Chinese Textbooks in Japan in this period basically used the Beijing dialect at that time as the data,and most of their editors had the background of Beijing culture,so they retained a wealth of language and cultural information of Beijing in the textbooks.Among these language materials,the most prominent discovery is that the Beijing dialect in the textbook retains the language characteristics of Manchu.The remains of Manchu can be found from vocabulary to the use of special structures.Many of its corpus have become a very important content of Beijing dialect in this period.What is particularly important is that these textbooks played a role in reflecting the real life of Beijing and actively spreading Chinese culture in the cross-cultural communication between China and Japan at that time.