科学和哲学如何源于生活?——海德格尔论实际生活及其两种表达形态

How Does Science and Philosophy Come from Life?--Heidegger on Factical Life and Its Two Forms of Expressions

1919~1920年冬季学期课程中,海德格尔将科学界定为对实际生活的表达。这是一种基于生活世界之现成性的、脱离了实际生活意蕴及世界性特征的表达。对科学的批判以及对实际生活的表达,昭示出另一种本真意义上的表达形态:哲学。后者从方法角度看是现象学的,即对实际生活自身居有的原始科学;从语言角度看是重新拥有实际生活之意蕴及世界性的自身表达,是一种接续了古希腊logos语言经验的表达。从"表达"视角着手,不仅是对科学和哲学的全新界定,也是对实际生活的阐明。由此,三个方面的互动,是立体呈现海德格尔早期哲学之面貌的必由之路。

In the 1919-1920 winter semester course,Heidegger defined science as an expression of factical life.This is an expression based on the ready-to-use of the life world,deviating from the meaningfulness of factical life and worldhood.In view of the criticism of science and the expression of factical life,another expression in the authentic sense is revealed:philosophy.The latter is phenomenological from a method perspective,and is a primitive science that appropriate factical life itself,from a linguistic perspective,it is self-expression that regains the meaningfulness and worldhood of factical life,which is a continuation of the ancient Greek logos language experience expression.Starting from the perspective of“expression”is not only a new definition of science and philosophy,but also an clarification of factical life.The interaction of these three aspects is the only way to present Heidegger's early philosophy in a more three-dimensional manner.