谢默斯·希尼与爱尔兰民间文学

Seamus Heaney and Irish Folk Literature

爱尔兰诗人谢默斯·希尼的诗歌创作深受爱尔兰民间文学的影响,除了圣诞节谣曲产生的零散影响外,爱尔兰的自然诗、地名诗和幻景诗均对其产生了比较系统的影响。自然诗的影响主要体现在希尼翻译和改写的斯维尼系列诗歌之中,在改写时希尼尤其突出了其中的自然因素,而对原诗的基督教因素有所遮蔽。希尼写过很多地名诗,更为推崇那类偏重自然地貌而非历史文化的地名诗。幻景诗主要与詹姆士党人的失败联系在一起,以悲伤格调为主,但是希尼的幻景诗却赋予了象征爱尔兰的女性更大的力量和坚定的性格。

Irish Poet Seamus Heaney was deeply influenced by Irish folk literature.Apart from the Christmas Rhymers tradition,the Irish nature poetry,dinnseanchas and aisling are largely adapted into his poems.Heaney's translation and rewriting of the ancient Gaelic poems on Sweeney demonstrates his preference of the nature aspect instead of the Christian aspect in this tradition.Heaney also wrote many dinnseanchas while paying more attention on the topography in this tradition instead of the stories of history and culture.Aisling is more related with the failure of Jacobites and has a feeling of woe.However,Heaney rewrote this tradition and made the female representing Ireland more strong and powerful.