悲剧性与时间——论舍勒的“悲剧性”概念

The Nature of Tragedy and Time——Max Scheler’s Concept of “Tragischen”

悲剧性是悲剧的本质要素。在舍勒看来,悲剧性表现为积极价值之间的斗争和冲突。其本质是一种较低或同等积极价值,造成了另外一种积极价值的毁灭,从而导致世界中积极价值的减少。悲剧性会带来悲哀的情感,但它本身并不是一种感情,而是世界的一种时间性结构,是在因果序列和价值关系这两种相互独立但又有所交叉的视域中展示出来的。悲剧性具有必然性和不可避免性,其根源在于道德知识作为对价值世界的明察的"信号"是有限的。在这个意义上,舍勒认为"无力发现悲剧性的时代是渺小的"。

The nature of tragedy is the essential element of tragedy.In Scheler’s view,tragedy is manifested in the struggle and conflict between positive values,the essence of which is that a lower or equivalent positive value results in the destruction of another positive value,which leads to the decrease of positive value in the world.Tragedy brings sad emotion,but it is not an emotion in itself,It is better to say that it shows a temporal structure of the world itself,which is shown in the independent but intersecting horizons of causality sequence and value relationship.Tragedy is inevitable,the root of which lies in the limited“signal”of moral knowledge as an insight into the value world.In this sense,Scheler believes that“Und da?die Zeiten klein sind,die es nicht sehen”,which means that the times when people could not find tragedy is small.