当代中国科学传播发展阶段的历史演进

The Development Stages of Science Communication in China

科学传播发展阶段的研究是中国科普研究领域的一个重要命题,它既有助于厘清国内外相关概念和研究路径的彼此关联,又有助于梳理我国科普事业的历史脉络和发展趋势。一般认为,科学传播的发展经历了传统科普、公众理解科学、科学传播三个阶段,但随着科学传播理念的不断发展和实践的逐步深入,"三阶段论"中的科学传播阶段应代之以更加明确的公众反思科学阶段,在此基础上,进一步提出公众参与科学和公共科学服务两个新的阶段,共同构成科学传播"五阶段论"。

The research on development stages of science communication is an important issue of science popularization studies in China.It not only helps to clarify the correlation between domestic and foreign concepts and research approaches,but also helps to sort out the historical context and development trend of science popularization in China.It is generally acknowledged that science communication studies go through three developmental stages:"Traditional Science Popularization"、"Public Understanding of Science"and"Science Communication".However,this paper proposes that"Science Communication"should be replaced by"Public Reflection on Science",and adding two new stages of"Public Engagement of Science"and"Public Science Service".These five stages together constitute the whole"science communication",and more accurately describe the development tendency from traditional"science popularization"to modern"science benefit to public".